{"id":5939,"date":"2014-04-21T17:47:42","date_gmt":"2014-04-21T09:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lucien.cc\/?p=5939"},"modified":"2014-04-21T17:48:01","modified_gmt":"2014-04-21T09:48:01","slug":"20140421-%e9%96%8b%e6%94%be%e6%94%bf%e5%ba%9c%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%8e%9f%e5%89%87%e8%88%87%e7%9b%b8%e9%97%9c%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e8%ad%b0%e9%a1%8c-basic-principles-of-open-g","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lucien.cc\/?p=5939","title":{"rendered":"20140421-\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u984c \/ Basic Principles of Open Government Data and Related Policy Issues"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.nccu.edu.tw\/people\/bio.php?PID=52\">\u674e\u6cbb\u5b89<\/a><\/strong>\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78 \u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u66a8\u5546\u5b78\u9662 \u5408\u8058\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3000\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3000\u5408\u8058\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/lucienchlin\">\u6797\u8aa0\u590f<\/a><\/strong>\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662 \u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3 \u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u9444\u9020\u5834 \u6cd5\u653f\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iis.sinica.edu.tw\/pages\/trc\/index_zh.html\">\u838a\u5ead\u745e<\/a><\/strong>\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662 \u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3 \u5408\u8058\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u6458\u8981<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u6790\u8ff0\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u8207\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u53ca\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u4e4b\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ea6\u95e1\u8ff0\u570b\u969b\u9593\u4e0d\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002\u5c31\u5177\u9ad4\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u61c9\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u76f8\u95dc\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u84cb\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u660e\u78ba\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u4f7f\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\u5177\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6709\u9650\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ea6\u63a2\u8a0e\u5be6\u969b\u63a8\u52d5\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u653f\u7b56\u6642\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u8655\u7406\u7684\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u53ca\u6388\u6b0a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u671f\u80fd\u70ba\u570b\u5167\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u4e4b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u4f5c\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u5c31\u6b64\u4e00\u8b70\u984c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u8d77\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lucien.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2014.3-Basic_Principles_of_Open_Government_Data_and_Related_Policy_Issues.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5940\" src=\"https:\/\/lucien.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2014.3-Basic_Principles_of_Open_Government_Data_and_Related_Policy_Issues-300x249.png\" alt=\"2014.3-Basic_Principles_of_Open_Government_Data_and_Related_Policy_Issues\" width=\"500\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lucien.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2014.3-Basic_Principles_of_Open_Government_Data_and_Related_Policy_Issues-300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/lucien.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/2014.3-Basic_Principles_of_Open_Government_Data_and_Related_Policy_Issues.png 873w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63(open government data)\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u570b\u969b\u9593\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u53ca\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7b49\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u7a4d\u6975\u898f\u5283\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6c11\u9593\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u7a4d\u6975\u6295\u5165\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u884c\u653f\u9662\u65bc2012\u5e7411\u67088\u65e5\u7b2c3322\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u6c7a\u8b70\uff1a\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599(Open Data)\u53ef\u589e\u9032\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u653f\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u6c11\u773e\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u7522\u696d\u754c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u9593\u6216\u5404\u90e8\u6703\u9593\u4e4b\u6c7a\u7b56\u54c1\u8cea\u5747\u6709\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8acb\u7814\u8003\u6703\u7a4d\u6975\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u843d\u5be6\u63a8\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2013\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\u516c\u5e03\u300c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u53ca\u6240\u5c6c\u5404\u7d1a\u6a5f\u95dc\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u4f5c\u696d\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u300c\u4f5c\u696d\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u53ca\u7121\u511f\u63d0\u4f9b\u70ba\u539f\u5247\uff08\u300c\u4f5c\u696d\u539f\u5247\u7b2c4\u9ede\u53ca\u7b2c8\u9ede\uff09\u3001\u63a1\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u300c\u4f5c\u696d\u539f\u5247\u7b2c6\u9ede\uff09\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u9996\u5148\u6790\u8ff0\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u8207\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u53ca\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u4e4b\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u8207\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8ce6\u4e88\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u958b\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u8fd1\u5e74\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u5f62\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ea6\u95e1\u8ff0\u570b\u969b\u9593\u4e0d\u540c\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002\u5c31\u5177\u9ad4\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u61c9\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u76f8\u95dc\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u84cb\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u660e\u78ba\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u4f7f\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\u5177\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6709\u9650\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ea6\u63a2\u8a0e\u5be6\u969b\u63a8\u52d5\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u653f\u7b56\u6642\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u8655\u7406\u7684\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u53ca\u6388\u6b0a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u671f\u80fd\u70ba\u570b\u5167\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u4e4b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u4f5c\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u5c31\u6b64\u4e00\u8b70\u984c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u8d77\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u8d77\u6e90<\/h2>\n<p>\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u6709\u6642\u6703\u548c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63(open government)\u53ca\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63(open data)\u5169\u500b\u7528\u8a9e\u4ea4\u66ff\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u96d6\u7136\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u53ca\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6709\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7a76\u5176\u6df5\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5169\u8005\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\u6307\u6d89\u76f8\u7576\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5169\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u5747\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(1) \u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c<\/h3>\n<p>\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73fe\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u95dc\u65bc\uff62\u8cc7\u8a0a\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff63(Freedom of Information Act, FOIA)\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u7e7c\u4e86\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6642\u5e38\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u76f8\u7576\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u6545\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u65bc1955\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7279\u5225\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\uff62\u8cc7\u8a0a\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff63\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u8a72\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9867\u554fWallace Parks\u57281957\u5e74\u65bc\u6cd5\u5b78\u671f\u520aGeorge Washing Law Review\u767c\u8868The Open Government Principle: Applying the Right to Know Under the Constitution\u4e00\u6587(Parks 1957)\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u4e00\u8a5e\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8a72\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cParks\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u56db\u6b21\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u672a\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u4e4b\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u6587\u4e2d\u8ad6\u8ff0\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cParks\u8a8d\u70ba\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u690d\u57fa\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8207\u53ef\u53d6\u5f97\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027(accountability) (Parks 1957)\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\uff0cParks\u65bc\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63ed\u6aeb\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5c0d1966\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u7684\uff62\u8cc7\u8a0a\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff63\u7522\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u63a5\u53d6\u8207\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u800c1974\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u4fee\u6b63\uff62\u8cc7\u8a0a\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff63\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u65bc\u4fee\u6cd5\u7406\u7531\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u6558\u660e\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca(Yu &amp; Robinson 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(2) \u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599<\/h3>\n<p>\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u591a\u7528\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u61c9\u5c0d\u8a08\u756b\u6210\u54e1\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u90fd\u66fe\u51fa\u73fe(Yu &amp; Robinson 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u958b\u59cb\u76db\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u88ab\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7db2\u8def\u958b\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u958b\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4 (free and open source software, FOSS)\u904b\u52d5\u5f37\u8abf\u539f\u59cb\u78bc\u7684\u958b\u653e\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u8edf\u9ad4\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u6559\u80b2\u8cc7\u6e90(open educational resources)\u904b\u52d5\u5247\u8a34\u6c42\u5c07\u6559\u80b2\u8cc7\u6e90\u5f9e\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u7684\u67b7\u9396\u4e2d\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u9032\u7528(open access)\u4e3b\u5f35\u5b78\u8853\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5546\u696d\u52e2\u529b\u628a\u6301\u58df\u65b7\uff0c\u800c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u904b\u52d5\u5247\u63d0\u5021\u5404\u985e\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u7684\u958b\u653e\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7db2\u8def\u958b\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u90fd\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u6a21\u5f0f (public licensing model)\uff0c\u5176\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u900f\u904e\u516c\u958b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u773e\u5354\u4f5c\u5c08\u6848\u5728\u53d6\u4e88\u4e4b\u9593 (give and take)\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u5faa\u74b0\u751f\u614b\u7cfb (ecosystem)\u3002\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u9069\u7528\u4e0a\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u6210\u529f\u5178\u7bc4\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u8a72\u5c08\u6848\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u53d6\u5f97\u5c0d\u8a72\u5c08\u6848\u6210\u679c\u9032\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u88fd\u3001\u518d\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7de8\u64b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u518d\u884c\u532f\u5165\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u6210\u679c\u7684\u7a4d\u7d2f\u8207\u5806\u758a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7f6e\u96c6\u5408\u773e\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6210\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u7a2e\u91cb\u51fa\u8005\u5148\u884c\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u5176\u5f8c\u7fa4\u805a\u773e\u529b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u4e4b\u521d\u66fe\u88ab\u56b4\u8a5e\u6279\u8a55\u70ba\u5f92\u5177\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6a13\u95a3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7d93\u904e\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u7576\u524d\u5c31\u96f2\u7aef\u904b\u7b97\u65b9\u6848\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u6167\u578b\u884c\u52d5\u8f09\u5177\u7684\u5e02\u4f54\u898f\u6a21\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6578\u91cf\u4e0a\u7686\u5df2\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4f54\u5148\uff0c\u800c\u5c45\u65bc\u9818\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u767c\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u88ab\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u7d44\u7e54\u88e1\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u5021\u8b70\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u63a8\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u8207\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u6c11\u667a\u5df2\u958b\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u8a31\u591a\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u63d0\u5021\u8005\u8207\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5404\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5c07\u539f\u672c\u5132\u9589\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u5404\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u900f\u904e\u8b93\u516c\u773e\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u7fa4\u773e\u66f4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5730\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u5f48\u6027\u7d44\u5408\u6216\u52a0\u503c\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u82e5\u65bd\u884c\u5f97\u7576\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u653f\u5e9c\u6cbb\u7406\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5316\u67b6\u69cb\u4f86\u5438\u7d0d\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e14\u517c\u5177\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u59a5\u5584\u8abf\u914d\u570b\u5bb6\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u8f44\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(3) \u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599<\/h3>\n<p>\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u8207\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u4e0d\u50c5\u8ce6\u4e88\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u9023\u7d50\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c11\u9593\u7db2\u7ad9\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u6c11\u773e\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5982THOMAS\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684GovTrack.us\u70ba\u6c11\u773e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u985e\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u53ca\u570b\u6703\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\uff0cOpenSecret.org\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u8209\u653f\u6cbb\u737b\u91d1\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u7fa4\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u958b\u59cb\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7ad9\u7a31\u70ba\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u6216\uff62\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u8a08\u756b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5728Parks\u6642\u4ee3\u6240\u7a31\u7684\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u8a34\u6c42\u4fc2\u91dd\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u653f\u5e9c\u5c1a\u672a\u516c\u958b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6216\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u5728\u6c11\u9593\u9010\u6f38\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u6c11\u9593\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u76f8\u95dc\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u537b\u591a\u662f\u5c07\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7d93\u516c\u958b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7528\u7db2\u8def\u6280\u8853\u8b93\u516c\u5171\u66f4\u8f15\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u5176\u8a34\u6c42\u91cd\u9ede\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5f37\u8abf\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(Yu &amp; Robinson 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f80\u6614\u7684\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7368\u7279\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u904b\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u6d3b\u5316\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u6216\u8a31\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u6c11\u773e\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5831\u3001\u516c\u52d9\u6a5f\u95dc\u6a94\u6848\u6ac3\u6216\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u50c5\u539a\u91cd\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u591a\u4e0d\u9858\u8017\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\u53ca\u7cbe\u529b\u5728\u5e03\u6eff\u7070\u5875\u7684\u6848\u7258\u4e2d\u627e\u5c0b\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6578\u4f4d\u7db2\u8def\u537b\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u53d6\u5f97\u8207\u641c\u5c0b\u7e2e\u9700\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u66f4\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5373\u6642\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u5728\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u80fd\u8b93\u516c\u3001\u79c1\u90e8\u9580\u90fd\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u50f5\u786c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u570b\u969b\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u5148\u9a45\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8cab\u5fb9\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u9810\u7b97\u5c40(Office of Management and Budget, OMB)\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u53ca\u5fc5\u8981\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u6210\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u53ca\u7522\u696d\u6a19\u6e96\u683c\u5f0f\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u91cd\u7d44\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e26\u5206\u6790\u8a72\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\uff08Johnson III\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u653f\u7b56\u4f5c\u70ba\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8207\u6211\u570b\u524d\u8ff0\u300c\u4f5c\u696d\u539f\u5247\u300d\u57fa\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8a72\u539f\u5247\u7b2c3\u9ede\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u7b49\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u4f9d\u5176\u9700\u6c42\u9023\u7d50\u4e0b\u8f09\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u662f\u6307\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7b26\u5408\u53ef\u4e0b\u8f09\u3001\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u7d93\u6fdf\u7b49\u969c\u7919(Raines 2013)\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cb\u51fa\u8207\u63d0\u4f9b\u5916\uff0c\u8ad6\u8005\u6709\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u6642\u61c9\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u7f6e\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u53ef\u77e5\u4e14\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d0\u4f9b\u8207\u516c\u773e\uff0c\u8b93\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ef\u8f15\u6613\u4e14\u5373\u6642\u7684\u67e5\u8a0a\u5230\u672a\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u65b7\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u4ee5\u5982RSS\u7684\u516c\u958b\u5354\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6599\u6458\u8981(data feeds)\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u516c\u773e\u80fd\u5373\u6642\u4e86\u89e3\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599(Robinson et al., 2009)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2007\u5e7412\u67087\u65e5\u81f38\u65e5\u9593\uff0c\u7531\u4e09\u5341\u540d\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9f13\u5439\u8005\uff0c\u9f4a\u805a\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde Sebastopol \u5e02\u9032\u884c\u6703\u9762\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u9032\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u5920\u958b\u653e\u96fb\u5b50\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728Carl Malamud\u3001Tim O&#8217;Reilly\u3001Lawrence Lessig\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u8207\u6703\u8005\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516b\u9805\u95dc\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5247\u8a72\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5c07\u5176\u6301\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u516c\u958b\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u5c07\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u516c\u773e\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u52a0\u503c\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u6b64\u516b\u9805\u539f\u5247\u4f9d\u5176\u539f\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5168\u9762\u958b\u653e (Complete)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u6240\u6709\u516c\u773e\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u53ef\u88ab\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u516c\u773e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u6307\uff08\u8207\u773e\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u4f46\uff09\u4e0d\u53d7\u96b1\u79c1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u5229\u5408\u7406\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574 (Primary)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u5176\u4f86\u6e90\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u578b\u5f0f\u3001\u6700\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6536\u9304\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u7e3d\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5f8c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5373\u6642\u767c\u5e03 (Timely)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5118\u901f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u8cc7\u6599\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fbf\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528 (Accessible)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u5411\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u4e26\u5bb9\u8a31\u6700\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a5f\u5668\u8655\u7406 (Machine processable)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u9808\u7d44\u7e54\u70ba\u53ef\u88ab\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8655\u88e1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u4f5c\u9650\u5236 (Non-discriminatory)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u516c\u958b\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a3b\u518a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u516c\u958b\u683c\u5f0f (Non-proprietary)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u7528\u4ee5\u767c\u5e03\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u9700\u6388\u6b0a (License-free)<\/strong> \u2014\u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u53d7\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u3001\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u71df\u696d\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff1b\u7136\u5728\u96b1\u79c1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0a\u53ef\u53d7\u5408\u7406\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9019\u516b\u9805\u539f\u5247\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u54ea\u4e00\u985e\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d\u516c\u773e\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u660e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u552f\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u516c\u773e\u6240\u767c\u5e03\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u958b\u653e\u300d\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u6c11\u9593\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u8005\u672a\u5fc5\u5b8c\u5168\u8d0a\u540c\u9019\u516b\u9805\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u9805\u539f\u5247\u90fd\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u5be6\u8e10\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u8207\u5207\u5165\u9ede\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u516b\u9805\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u9593\u622e\u529b\u63d0\u5021\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u958b\u653e\u5167\u5bb9\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u91d1\u6703 (Open Knowledge Foundation)\u300d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u9818\u57df\u5c08\u624d\u3001\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u529b\u64ec\u64b0\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u300c\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u5b9a\u7fa9 (Open Definition)\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u5340\u5206\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u8207\u7d20\u6750\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u7b26\u5408\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u4e4b\u82e5\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cb\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u76f8\u95dc\u6a19 \u6e96\uff0c\u5247\u5176\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5354\u529b\u4ee5\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c3\u8207\u6b64\u4e00\u5b9a\u7fa9\u64b0\u64ec\u7684\u5c08\u624d\u8207\u5b78\u8005\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u985b\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7701\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u5354\u6703\u7684\u5275\u7acb\u4eba Herb Lainchbury\uff0c\u5176\u540c\u6642\u8eab\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b98\u65b9\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u54e1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u300c\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u653e\u8fd1\u7528\u8207\u6388\u6b0a\u6846\u67b6 (Australian Governments\u2019 Open Access and Licensing Framework, AusGOAL)\u300d\u5168\u570b\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba Baden Appleyard\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u967d\u5149\u57fa\u91d1\u6703 (Sunlight Foundation) \u8f44\u4e0b\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba Tom Lee\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5275\u7528CC \u7d44\u7e54\u526f\u7e3d\u88c1\u7684 Mike Linksvayer\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73fe\u6b63\u64d4\u4efb\u7dad\u57fa\u5a92\u9ad4\u5354\u6703\u526f\u7e3d\u9867\u554f\u7684 Luis Villa \u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fd1\u7528 (Access)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u5728\u6563\u5e03\u6642\u61c9\u4ee5\u5176\u5b8c\u6574\u72c0\u614b\u9032\u884c\u6563\u5e03\uff0c\u4e14\u63a1\u50c5\u6536\u53d6\u91cd\u88fd\u5de5\u672c\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0b\u8f09\uff0c\u90a3\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u514d\u8cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u4ea6\u61c9\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5229\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u4fbf\u5229\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53ef\u88ab\u7c21\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u793e\u6703\u6027\u958b\u653e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u53d6\u5f97\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u3002\u4ee5\u300c\u5b8c\u6574\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc2\u8ff4\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u8fd1\u7528\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u50c5\u5bb9\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u5b8c\u6574\u8fd1\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u518d\u6563\u5e03 (Redistribution)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u9650\u5236\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5176\u5f8c\u5c31\u6b64\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u9032\u884c\u8ca9\u552e\u6216\u662f\u63a5\u7e8c\u6563\u5e03\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u6563\u5e03\u6b64\u4e00\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c07\u6b64\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u5217\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6574\u5408\u300c\u5957\u4ef6\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4f75\u884c\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u8a2d\u6b64\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u3002\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4ea6\u4e0d\u61c9\u5c0d\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8ca9\u552e\u6216\u6563\u5e03\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9650\u5b9a\u6388\u6b0a\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u6388\u6b0a\u6642\u9593\u3001\u6388\u6b0a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u91d1\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u540c\u578b\u8cbb\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u518d\u5229\u7528 (Reuse)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5bb9\u8a31\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u80fd\u5920\u55e3\u5f8c\u88ab\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u8207\u7522\u751f\u884d\u751f\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u81f3\u5c11\u5bb9\u8a31\u8a72\u4fee\u6539\u7269\u8207\u884d\u751f\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u80fd\u63a1\u7528\u539f\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u4ef6\u5411\u5f8c\u63a5\u7e8c\u6563\u5e03\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6280\u8853\u8a2d\u9650 (Absence of Technological Restriction)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u7121\u6280\u8853\u9650\u5236\u524d\u8ff0\u8fd1\u7528\u6027\u3001\u518d\u6563\u5e03\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u518d\u5229\u7528\u6027\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6563\u5e03\u6642\u63a1\u7528\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u5171\u901a\u683c\u5f0f\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u6b64\u9805\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\uff08\u6240\u8b02\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u5171\u901a\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6280\u8853\u898f\u683c\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u516c\u793a\uff0c\u4e14\u63a1\u7528\u6642\u4e26\u7121\u589e\u6dfb\u4ed8\u8cbb\u689d\u6b3e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9650\u5236\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7c21\u8981\u7684\u986f\u540d\u6a19\u793a (Attribution)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u5f97\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u518d\u6563\u5e03\u8207\u518d\u5229\u7528\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6a19\u793a\u8a72\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u8ca2\u737b\u8005\u8207\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u986f\u540d\u8072\u660e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6b64\u4e00\u986f\u540d\u6a19\u793a\u8ab2\u4e88\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u5fc5\u9808\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u904e\u65bc\u7e41\u91cd\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u8981\u6c42\u986f\u540d\u6a19\u793a\u6642\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u8005\u7f85\u5217\u4e00\u4efd\u6240\u6709\u986f\u540d\u8072\u660e\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u7684\u6e05\u55ae\u8207\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u4e00\u540c\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u539f\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574 (Integrity)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u5f97\u8981\u6c42\u7576\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u7d93\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u884c\u6563\u5e03\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6563\u5e03\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u6216\u7248\u672c\u865f\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u4fee\u6539\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b93\u4fee\u6539\u7269\u8207\u539f\u59cb\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u88ab\u8fa8\u8b58\u7684\u5340\u9694\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047 (No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uf967\u5f97\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u7fa4\u773e\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u63a8\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u61c9\u76e1\u91cf\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8207\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u5c0d\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u4e2d\u61c9\u7981\u6b62\u52a0\u5165\u5c01\u9396\u7279\u5b9a\u5c0d\u8c61\u52a0\u5165\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u9650\u76ee\u7684 (No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\uf967\u5f97\u9650\u5236\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5c07\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u7f6e\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u9818\u57df\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u88ab\u62ff\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u5546\u696d\uf9dd\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u88ab\u62ff\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u56e0\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u61c9\u5beb\u5165\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u689d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u5728\u5167\u5bb9\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u800c\u9632\u7919\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53d6\u7528\u958b\u653e\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u9032\u884c\u5546\u696d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u63a8\u5c55\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u61c9\u671f\u5f85\u5546\u696d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u540c\u52a0\u5165\u63a8\u52d5\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u660e\u793a\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e (Distribution of License)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u6563\u5e03\u6642\u6388\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u6089\u4f9d\u5176\u6563\u5e03\u6642\u7684\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\u6e96\uff0c\u6bcb\u9808\u518d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u6240\u5b9a\u984d\u5916\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u53e6\ufa08\u62d8\u675f\u3002\u672c\u689d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc2\u8ff4\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8207\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u95dc\u9589\u8a72\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u958b\u653e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\u53e6\u884c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4efd\u300c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u5354\u8b70 (non-disclosure agreement)\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u8fc2\u8ff4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u56e0\u6240\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u8a02\u505a\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e (License Must Not Be Specific to a Package)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7576\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u4fc2\u70ba\u6574\u9ad4\u300c\u5957\u4ef6\u300d\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u6642\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u6563\u5e03\u6b64\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u6642\u6388\u8207\u5f8c\u624b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4e0d\u5c08\u5c6c\u65bc\u6b64\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u300c\u5957\u4ef6\u300d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u6b64\u4e00\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u88ab\u5f9e\u300c\u5957\u4ef6\u300d\u88e1\u62bd\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u5176\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u9032\u884c\u5229\u7528\u6216\u518d\u6563\u5e03\u6642\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5229\u7528\u8005\u8207\u518d\u6563\u5e03\u8005\u6240\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u61c9\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5c07\u8a72\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u7f6e\u65bc\u300c\u5957\u4ef6\u300d\u88e1\u4f75\u884c\u6563\u5e03\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u5c0d\u96a8\u540c\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u589e\u6dfb\u984d\u5916\u9650\u5236 (License Must Not Restrict the Distribution of Other Works)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8207\u300c\u4f5c\u54c1\u300d\u4e00\u540c\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u589e\u6dfb\u984d\u5916\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u300d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u61c9\u5805\u6301\u900f\u904e\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5132\u5b58\u5a92\u9ad4\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u4f9d\u958b\u653e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6563\u5e03\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u9593\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\uff0c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u8cc7\u6599\u5229\u7528\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u6578\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u7684\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u5747\u4e3b\u5f35\u5118\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u958b\u653e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u958b\u653e\u53ca\u518d\u5229\u7528\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u7684<\/h2>\n<p>\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u6027\u8cea\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u8b02\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u6211\u570b\u300c\u4f5c\u696d\u539f\u5247\u300d\u7b2c1<br \/>\n\u9ede\u53ca\u660e\u78ba\u63ed\u6aeb\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u63a8\u52d5\u884c\u653f\u9662\u53ca\u6240\u5c6c\u5404\u7d1a\u6a5f\u95dc\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u5404\u6a5f\u95dc\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u6c11\u9593\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ca\u5275\u610f\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u65bd\u653f\u4fbf\u6c11\u53ca\u516c\u958b\u900f\u660e\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u8a02\u5b9a\u672c\u539f\u5247\u300d\u3002\u570b\u969b\u9593\u95dc\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4ea6\u65e5\u6f38\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u8981\u5206\u8ff0\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(1) \u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8207\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5247\u591a\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6(governmental transparency)\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027(accountability)\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u4ee4(Open Government Directive)\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u70ba\u900f\u660e\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u53ca\u5354\u529b(Orszag 2009)\uff0c\u8a72\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u5176\u4f86\u6709\u81ea\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u7e3d\u7d71\u5728\u7af6\u9078\u671f\u9593\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u6279\u8a55\u524d\u4efb\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u7e3d\u7d71\u5c0f\u5e03\u5e0c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u5c31\u662f\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u77ef\u6b63\u6b64\u554f\u984c\u7684\u85e5\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u7e3d\u7d71\u4e0a\u4efb\u7576\u5929\uff0c\u5373\u767c\u5e03\u5169\u9805\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53ca\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u7684\u5099\u5fd8\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5747\u63d0\u53ca\u63d0\u5347\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u662f\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4ea6\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u611f(Yu &amp; Robinson 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u4ea6\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u9593\u8a0e\u8ad6\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u8a72\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684data.gov.uk\u7db2\u7ad9\u8490\u96c6\u4e86\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u683c\u5f0f\u4f9b\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4f5c\u624b\u6a5f\u61c9\u7528\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u63a8\u52d5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u547c\u61c9\u5361\u9ea5\u9686\u9996\u76f8\uff62\u5efa\u7acb\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u65b0\u6a19\u6e96\uff63(set [a] new standard for transparency)\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19(Cameron 2010)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c2011\u5e749\u6708\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u5370\u5c3c\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u632a\u5a01\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u3001\u5357\u975e\u53ca\u82f1\u570b\u7b498\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u7c3d\u5c6c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u8a00\uff63(Open Government Declaration)\uff0c\u4e26\u7d44\u6210\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u806f\u76df\uff63\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8a72\u806f\u76df\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u8981\u5373\u6642\u516c\u5e03\u653f\u5e9c\u9810\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u63a5\u9732\u6cd5\u5236\u53ca\u967d\u5149\u6cd5\u6848\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u9069\u7576\u6307\u6a19\u8a55\u91cf\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u5ba3\u8a00\u8207\u806f\u76df\u4ea6\u5f37\u8abf\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5b97\u65e8\u5728\u65bc\u843d\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027(political accountability) (Open Government Partnership 2011)\u3002\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u806f\u76df\uff63\u4ee5\u6709\u6578\u5341\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u660e\u52a0\u5165\u610f\u9858\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8207\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027\u662f\u570b\u969b\u9593\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u8ad6\u7406\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u524d\u8ff01950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6240\u8208\u8d77\u7684\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u800c\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u8207\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8b93\u534a\u500b\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u7684\u300c\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u300d\u7406\u5ff5\u66f4\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u5177\u9ad4\u843d\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u4ea6\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u7d55\u5c0d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u63d0\u5347\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96d6\u7136\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u4ee5\u6a5f\u5668\u53ef\u8b80\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u8b80\u9f90\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4ecd\u9808\u4ef0\u8cf4\u5177\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u8853\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u8b80(Peixoto 2013)\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u8cea\u7591\u6216\u8a31\u8a00\u4e4b\u6210\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u958b\u653e\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u63d0\u5347\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u653f\u7b56\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u5207\u8eab\u76f8\u95dc\u6216\u53ef\u6aa2\u9a57\u653f\u5e9c\u8cac\u4efb\u4e4b\u8cc7\u6599\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u51fa\u73fe\u8490\u96c6\u3001\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u518d\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5404\u985e\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u7d93\u71df\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8aa0\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u8ad6\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u6b20\u7f3a\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u8853\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u8b80\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u535a\u53d6\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u653f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u865b\u540d(Peixoto 2013)\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(2) \u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u9805\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u516c\u8eca\u73ed\u6b21\u3001\u6c23\u8c61\u53ca\u9910\u5ef3\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u5747\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u654f\u611f\u554f\u984c\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u6846\u67b6\u6a19\u6e96 (UK Government Licensing Framework) \u5373\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u773e\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7686\u61c9\u4f9d\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6b0a(Open Government License)\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u773e\u4eba\u7686\u53ef\u96fb\u5b50\u5316\u8fd1\u7528\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e0b\u8f09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b93\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u91cb\u51fa\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u5275\u610f\u9032\u884c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u6216\u9032\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u6df1\u5316\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5546\u696d\u52a0\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u822c\u8207\u6c11\u773e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u8b70\u984c\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u5e38\u6709\u7570\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u672c\u61c9\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\u53c3\u8003\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u5c64\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u5be6\u8e10\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5c07\u6bd41950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\uff63\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u4e14\u5bec\u5ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u98a8\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(3) \u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55<\/h3>\n<p>\u524d\u8ff0\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4ea6\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u5275\u9020\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a5f\u6703(Orszag 2009)\uff0c\u70ba\u56e0\u61c9\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6c11\u9593\u516c\u53f8\u65e9\u5df2\u6295\u5165\u8cc7\u6e90\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u614b\u7d93\u71df\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u90e8\u5206\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u5e02\u5e02\u9577Gavin Newsom\u5373\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u671f\u8a31\u8a72\u5e02\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7db2\u7ad9DataSF.org\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u5730\u65b9\u7522\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u5275\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u4e26\u8b93\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u5275\u610f\u6587\u5316\u80fd\u66f4\u88ab\u51f8\u986f(Newsom 2009)\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(4) \u5c0f\u7d50<\/h3>\n<p>\u9577\u671f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52d5\u516c\u958b\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65bd\u653f\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4e86\u89e3\u6c11\u9593\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u994b\u53ca\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u65bd\u653f\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5ea6(Robinson et al., 2009)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u7dad\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u70ba\u958b\u653e (Yu &amp; Robinson 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u5347\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8207\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027\u3001\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u9806\u4f4d\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u9078\u64c7\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u9806\u5e8f\u53ca\u8cc7\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u5ba2\u9ad4\u4e4b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ea6\u61c9\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a72\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u958b\u653e\u6216\u91cb\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u539f\u672c\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u521d\u8877\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u8207\u6388\u6b0a<\/h2>\n<p>\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u63a8\u52d5\uff62\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff63\u653f\u7b56\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u9808\u8655\u7406\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u8207\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u770b\u4f3c\u5404\u5225\u6b78\u5c6c\u6280\u8853\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u6642\u5176\u5be6\u5169\u8005\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u8ad6\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u82e5\u975e\u4ee5\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u5c01\u9589\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>(1) \u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u4e14\u6a5f\u5668\u53ef\u8b80\u4e4b\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u5177\u6a94\u6848\u578b\u614b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684XML\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u8b93\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8490\u96c6\u3001\u5206\u6790\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6216\u5229\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a0\u503c\u670d\u52d9(Robinson et al., 2009)\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u4ee4\u4ea6\u8981\u6c42\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u4ee5\u516c\u958b\u683c\u5f0f(open format)\u91cb\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u516c\u958b\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u53ef\u8b80\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9644\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u6703\u963b\u7919\u8cc7\u8a0a\u518d\u5229\u7528\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u91cb\u51fa\u8207\u516c\u773e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f (Orsag 2009)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u56e0\u61c9\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u958b\u653e\u683c\u5f0f\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e3b\u6d41\u8edf\u9ad4\u696d\u8005\u7686\u5df2\u8abf\u6574\u5176\u7d93\u71df\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u5fae\u8edf\u63d0\u51fa\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u8a08\u756b(Open Government Data Initiative)\uff0c\u63a8\u92b7\u5176Azure\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u5e73\u53f0\uff1b\u800cAdobe\u516c\u53f8\u7684PDF\u683c\u5f0f\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u696d\u754c\u6587\u4ef6\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u88ab\u6279\u8a55\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u96e3\u4ee5\u518d\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a72\u516c\u53f8\u65bc2009\u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u767c\u8d77Adobe Opens Up\u884c\u92b7\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u671f\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70baPDF\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5229\u767c\u5c55\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff1b\u800c\u8edf\u9ad4\u516c\u53f8Socrata\u66f4\u5f37\u8abf\u5176\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u5c08\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5404\u985e\u8edf\u9ad4\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u53ca\u670d\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u8207\u73fe\u4eca\u5de8\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599 (big data) 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2010)<\/p>\n<p>\u91dd\u5c0d\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6216\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u53c3\u8003\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86Government 2.0\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u8a72\u5c0f\u7d44\u6307\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u5c6c\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6545\u61c9\u5118\u5bb9\u8a31\u5404\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6975\u5927\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4fc3\u9032\u5065\u5168\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u6b64\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7d44\u5efa\u8b70\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u4ee5\u5275\u7528CC(Creative Commons)\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u7684\uff62\u59d3\u540d\u6a19\u793a\uff63(attribution)\u689d\u6b3e\u91cb\u51fa (Government 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Creative Commons \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5168\u7403\u7db2\u7d61\u2014\u2014\u300c\u53f0\u7063\u5275\u7528CC\u8a08\u756b\u300d (Creaitve Commons Taiwan) \u5373\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u74b0\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5be6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9078\u9805\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u53d7\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6cd5\u7b2c9\u689d\u6240\u5217\u4e0d\u53d7\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u689d\u6587\u3001\u516c\u6587\u66f8\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u8003\u8a66\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u516c\u773e\u9818\u57df\u6a19\u7ae0\u300d(Public Domain 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CC0 \u6b64\u4e00\u516c\u773e\u9818\u57df\u8ca2\u737b\u5ba3\u544a\u6a19\u7ae0\uff0c\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u6b63\u672c\u6e05\u6e90\u7684\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9f13\u52f5\u6c11\u773e\u6562\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5275\u7528CC\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u65bc2013 \u5e74\u5e95\u63a8\u51faCC 4.0\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u65b0\u7248\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u5c07\u5168\u7403\u90e8\u4efd\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u5340\u57df\u88e1\u7279\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6b0a\u5229 (Sui Generis Database 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\u7b49\u5177\u570b\u969b\u878d\u901a\u6027\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u5229\u7528\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u3001\u5165\u53e3\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u8209\u63aa\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u65bc\u900f\u904e\u8b93\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u5e8f\u5b88\u4efd\u7684\u9806\u66a2\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u4f86\u5c0e\u5f15\u672a\u4f86\u8cc7\u6599\u6d3b\u6027\u904b\u7528\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u958b\u5c55\uff0c\u6545\u8ad6\u5176\u63a8\u52d5\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5426\u771f\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u904b\u7528\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u8cf4\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u900f\u904e\u771f\u6b63\u958b\u653e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5c31\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u767c\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u300d(Database)\u6216\u662f\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u300d(Dataset)\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5f8b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u53d7\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5176\u6240\u9069\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u5411\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4e26\u7121\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7279\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u4fc2\u4f9d\u64da\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u898f\u7bc4\uff1b\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\uff0c\u70ba\u6a5f\u5668\u81ea\u52d5\u8490\u96c6\u7522\u51fa\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u52de\u529b\u4ed8\u51fa\u6216\u662f\u5275\u610f\u8868\u9054\u53ef\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6216\u662f\u7de8\u8f2f\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5\u516c\u773e\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u91cb\u51fa\uff08\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u90e8\u4efd\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u5229\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u96e3\u514d\u6709\u6240\u722d\u8b70\uff08\u56e0\u8a72\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u81ea\u59cb\u5373\u7121\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u5229\u53ef\u8a00\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u53ca\u8cc7\u6599\u7522\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u59cb\u5373\u6b78\u5165\u516c\u773e\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7686\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff08National Research Council, 2009\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u63a8\u5c55\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528 CC0 \uff0c\u660e\u793a\u6240\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u5176\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6216\u662f\u8457\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u7686\u5df2\u653e\u68c4\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u773e\u9818\u57df\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u6240\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u901a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba CC0 \u662f\u73fe\u4eca\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u516c\u773e\u9818\u57df\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u65bc\u6240\u91cb\u51fa\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u898f\u7bc4\u689d\u6b3e\u4e0a\uff0c\u660e\u793a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5 CC0 \u70ba\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u570b\u969b\u63a5\u8ecc\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u7d50\u8a9e<\/h2>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u626e\u6f14\u4f55\u7a2e\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8ad6\u8005\u6709\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u61c9\u8a72\u5118\u91cf\u55ae\u7d14\u5316\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u9808\u6307\u5b9a\u6216\u9078\u64c7\u4efb\u4f55\u6c11\u9593\u6a5f\u69cb\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u5354\u52a9\u6c11\u9593\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5229\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u9700\u55ae\u7d14\u5730\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u958b\u653e\u63d0\u4f9b\u8207\u516c\u773e\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u8b93\u6c11\u9593\u6a5f\u69cb\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u518d\u5229\u7528\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7533\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u6280\u8853\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5373\u6642\u6e96\u78ba\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8b93\u6c11\u9593\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u8cc7\u6599(Robinson et al., 2009)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u96d6\u7136\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u4f5c\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u9593\u63a8\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a72\u570b\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u5728\u91cb\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u8868\u73fe\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6642\u6709\u8ad6\u8005\u6279\u8a55\u90e8\u5206\u6a5f\u95dc \u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u65e9\u5df2\u516c\u958b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u518d\u6b21\u516c\u5e03\u65bc Data.org\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8a31\u591a\u6a5f\u95dc\u6240\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e26\u975e\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u653f\u5e9c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8207\u53ef\u8ab2\u8cac\u6027\u3001\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u6216\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u4ea4\u5dee\u4e86\u4e8b\u6216\u662f\u907f\u514d\u654f\u611f\u4e8b\u9805\u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u6240\u9078\u64c7\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5176\u5be6\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u4e26\u7121\u6b63\u9762\u6548\u76ca(Yu &amp; Robinson 2012)\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u6279\u8a55\u5c0d\u6211\u570b\u6b63\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u958b\u653e\u8cc7\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u61c9\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u53c3\u8003\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/h1>\n<h2>\u5c08\u66f8<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.tw\/sites\/creativecommons.tw\/files\/handbook_open_gov_data.pdf\">\u9673\u821c\u4f36\u3001\u6797\u73c8\u5b8f\u3001\u838a\u5ead\u745e\u30022013\u3002\u85cf\u667a\u65bc\u6c11\uff1a\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u539f\u5247\u8207\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002<\/a>\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5275\u7528CC\u8a08\u756b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u671f\u520a\u8ad6\u6587<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Geist, M. 2010. &#8220;Canada&#8217;s digital economy strategy: toward an openness framework.&#8221; Canadian Journal of Law and Technology 8: 277-298.<\/li>\n<li>Parks, W. 1957. \u201cThe open government principle: applying the right to know under the constitution.\u201d George Washing Law Review 26: 1-22.<\/li>\n<li>Peixoto, T. 2013. \u201cThe uncertain relationship between open data and accountability: A response to Yu and Robinson\u2019s the new ambiguity of \u2018open government\u2019. \u201cUCLA Law Review Discourse 60: 200-213.<\/li>\n<li>Raines, J. 2013. &#8220;The Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2011 (DATA): Using open data principles to revamp spending transparency legislation.&#8221; New York Law School Law Review 57: 313-360.<\/li>\n<li>Robinson, D. et al. 2009. \u201cGovernment data and the invisible hand.\u201d Yale journal of law and technology 11: 160-175.<\/li>\n<li>Yu, H. and Robinson, D.G. 2012. &#8221; The new ambiguity of &#8216;open government.'&#8221; UCLA Law Review Discourse 59: 178-208.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6e90<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Australian Commonwealth, Government 2.0 Task Force. 2009. &#8220;The Government 2.0 Task Force Report.&#8221; &lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.finance.gov.au\/publications\/gov20taskforcereport\/index.html\">http:\/\/www.finance.gov.au\/publications\/gov20taskforcereport\/index.html<\/a> &gt; (accessed 2 Mar. 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Cameron, D. 2010. &#8220;Letter to government departments on opening up data.&#8221; &lt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/letter-to-government-departments-on-opening-up-data\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/letter-to-government-departments-on-opening-up-data<\/a> &gt; (accessed 2 Mar. 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Johnson, C. III. 2004. \u201cOMB memorandum: Policies for federal agency public websites.\u201d &lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/memoranda\/fy2005\/m05-04.pdf\">http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/memoranda\/fy2005\/m05-04.pdf<\/a> &gt; (accessed 1 Mar. 2014)<\/li>\n<li>National Research Council. &#8220;The socioeconomic effects of public sector information on digital networks: toward a better understanding of different access and reuse policies: workshop summary.&#8221; Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009. &lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog.php?record_id=12687\">http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog.php?record_id=12687<\/a> &gt; (accessed 3 Mar. 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Newsom, G. 2009. \u201cSan Francisco opens the city\u2019s data.\u201d &lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2009\/08\/19\/san-francisco-opens-the-city%E2%80%99s-data\/\">http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2009\/08\/19\/san-francisco-opens-the-city%E2%80%99s-data\/<\/a> &gt; (accessed 2 Mar. 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Open Government Partnership. 2011. &#8220;Open Government Declaration.&#8221; &lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opengovpartnership.org\/about\/open-government-declaration\">http:\/\/www.opengovpartnership.org\/about\/open-government-declaration<\/a> &gt; (accessed 2 Mar. 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Open Government Working Group. 2007. &#8220;8 Principles of Open Government Data&#8221;. &lt; <a href=\"https:\/\/public.resource.org\/8_principles.html\">https:\/\/public.resource.org\/8_principles.html<\/a> &gt; (accessed 3 March, 2014).<\/li>\n<li>Orszag, P.R. 2009. &#8220;Open government directive.&#8221; Office of the President, Memorandum No.-10-06. &lt; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/open\/documents\/open-government-directive\">http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/open\/documents\/open-government-directive<\/a> &gt; (accessed 2 March 2014)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h1>\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u5229\u8072\u660e<\/h1>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u63a1\u7528 <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/tw\/\">\u5275\u7528CC\u300c\u59d3\u540d\u6a19\u793a-\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u4eab 3.0 \u53f0\u7063\u300d<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons License &#8220;Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported&#8221;<\/a> \u5169\u5f0f\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u540c\u6642\u91cb\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u5167\u5bb9\u8acb\u898b\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/tw\/\">http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/tw\/<\/a> \u4ee5\u53ca <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lucien.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/88x31.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5941\" src=\"https:\/\/lucien.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/88x31.png\" alt=\"88x31\" width=\"88\" height=\"31\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u59d3\u540d\u6a19\u793a\u90e8\u5206\u8acb\u4f9d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6a19\u793a\u8457\u4f5c\u4eba<\/h2>\n<p>\u674e\u6cbb\u5b89\u3001\u6797\u8aa0\u590f\u3001\u838a\u5ead\u745e\uff0c\u300a\u958b\u653e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u984c\u300b\u3002\u516c\u5171\u6cbb\u7406\u5b63\u520a103\u5e743\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980165-76\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u767c\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u674e\u6cbb\u5b89\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78 \u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u66a8\u5546\u5b78\u9662 \u5408\u8058\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3000\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3000\u5408\u8058\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff09 \u6797\u8aa0\u590f\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u7814&hellip; 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