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notes_and_translations:opendata-related_essay_translations:joint_statement:finally_setting_the_standard_to_open

德國政府最終應該要將 Open Data 的標準設定為真正的 OPEN!

本文件翻譯自開放知識基金會德國分會與德國維基媒體協會等德國公民團隊的聯合聲明「Joint statement: Finally setting the standard to “open”!」:http://not-your-govdata.de/en/,立意為協助散布新知與國際動態,翻譯者不主張譯文之任何權利,且唯有原德文版本英文版本,方為具正式效力的準據文本。

民眾真正需要的,是一個容易取用,並且得以透過開放授權條款釋出資料的開放資料平台!

在 2012 年 8 月 8 號,德國聯邦政府內政部宣布,其打算建制德國境內開放政府資料 (Open Government Data) 的入口網站,以讓國民可以透過此一平台,自由地取用國家相關的資訊與資料。

然而從宣布日到現在,許多相關的資料集還是沒有透過此一平台提供出來,或者說,並沒有依照開放授權的方式提供出來。故德國關注開放資料與開放政府的公民社群(以下簽署姓名者),整理了一份相關資料集的列表,並要求這些資料集應該要被德國政府以符合開放內容與開放資料定義 (Open Definition)的方式來提供。因為若是讓德國 Open Government Data 入口網站繼續以現存方式維運下去,那麼這個平台可能會帶來淡化、弱化開放政府活動理念的效果,並讓開放政府後續的發展背離其本來應該要走的方向。

在一封給德國聯邦政府內政部的公開信裡,德國開放資料社群的代表們概要的陳述了為何聯邦政府資料平台 (govdata.de) 的現行規劃,是不能夠被接受的。

這些批評的理由是:

將資料採用傳統的授權模式釋出,將會導致德國在開放資料的發展上,自外於國際社會。

採用傳統授權模式釋出所欲開放資料的最大問題在於,若使用者對此傳統授權方式並不熟悉,將減弱他們的取用動機,這些本來打算取用資料的開發者與使用者,必須在取用資料之前先額外徵詢其他人的諮商意見,來確認這些資料是不是可以用的。再者,若欲開發最有趣與最有用的Open Data應用程式,往往需要將多個不同來源的資料集進行整合-如果不同來源資料集彼此之間的授權模式不相容,那開發上就會發生實質的阻礙-這就是為什麼資料集授權模式之間的相容 (interoperability) 重要性之所在(部份現被認同的開放授權條款才能達到這樣的目標:http://opendefinition.org/licenses/)!

接下來該做的是什麼?

德國此一政府資料入口平台與推動政策要成功,有賴於政府資料是不是得以透過真正開放的方式來進行發布。現行的作法其實是自我貶抑了開放政府的觀念,以及自我設限了它可能帶來的成果。

這也是為什麼我們這些在德國推動開放政府資料的公民團隊,要透過此一聲明以及聯署,來向 www.govdata.de 平台公開要求以下幾項維運策略的修正:

  1. 資料的提供,應該要照美國陽光基金會率先提出的開放政府資訊十項準則描述的方式來提供;
  2. 認同並依循真正開放政府(資料)與國際間認同且清楚的開放內容與開放資料定義方式,來提供資料;
  3. 政府資料預設皆應以開放為原則,唯有在額外述明理由並得證立之下,才得例外不予開放;
  4. 採用民法性質的授權標準來處理開放資料授權事務,而非採行政法性質的管制條款,而如果是單一個別不成資料庫規模的資料集,更應該拋棄其法律上的控制權,以讓相關資料能夠被充份利用與流通;
  5. 釋出彼此相關且具利用價值的主要資料集,而非僅釋出不具重要性的次級資訊;
  6. 將此入口平台定位為國家公眾資料主要集中倉儲來維運與行銷,並透過與其他平台的聯繫交流來提升其重要性與活躍性;
  7. 建置一個具中央樞紐地位的官方資料交換中心,並讓其具有必要時懲戒不依上述原則釋出資料之機構的地位。

「政府資料」這四個字代表政府機構代理民眾管理這些資料,不代表政府機構本身擁有這些資料。

期待開放政府資料這件事能成功地讓大眾都受益,唯有透過不設限的資料使用政策以及積極的鼓勵方針。德國政府資料入口網站應該建立其模範的角色,並進一步得到所有開放政府資料活動參與者的支持,這包括那些可能取用資料進行加值再利用者的支持。這個目標,唯有將平台在資料格式合用性、網站介面近用性、資料可靠性、重要資料可及性,以及資料整體開放性都予以改善與升級,才有可能真正達到。而依此平台現行的服務狀態評估,離上述的目標還有好大一段落差,這也是為什麼現在德國境內推動開放政府資料的公民社群,並沒有辦法誠心誠意支持這個入口平台的主要原因。

「德國開放資料推動公民團隊」代表人等共同署名

進一步參考連結:

Joint statement: Finally setting the standard to “open”!

We need accessible platforms and open licenses for our data!

On August 8th, 2012, the German Federal Ministry of the Interior announced its intention to build an open government data portal to make national information and data freely available for use by citizens.

Up until now, a lot of the relevant datasets have still not been made available or at least are not released under an open license. The German open data and open government community (here undersigned) put together a (sample-)list of relevant datasets that we are requesting to be released in accordance with the Open Definition. As it stands right now, the community fears a watering down of the open government idea may be the only effect of the platform.

In an open letter, representatives of the German Open Data community outline why the federal data platform (govdata.de) is not acceptable in its currently planned form.

The reasons for our current criticism are as follows:

  • The chosen license model for the portal is a custom solution that does not conform to internationally recognized standards,
  • The portal, as seen so far, is lacking provisions for usability and security,
  • Furthermore, there are no visible efforts to motivate users to reuse the data provided.

The custom licence model cuts Germany off from the open data pool

Major problems with applying a custom license to the data in question is that unfamiliarity with a new license discourages reuse, as developers and users must seek additional advice before risking to work with the data. Moreover, the most interesting and useful applications developed with open data often require data from numerous sources to be combined – this is why interoperability (such as is possible between some of the approved open licenses listed above) is so important.

What needs to happen?

The success of the platform and the entire open government data strategy of Germany depends on the publication of government data that is truly open. The current approach risks devaluing the concept of open government.

This is why we are making the following requests from www.govdata.de:

  1. Data should be made accessible according to the 10 principles of open data;
  2. Recognition and adherence to true open government (data) and open and explicit licences;
  3. Data should be open by default and closed only in justified exceptions;
  4. Civil law standard licensing instead of administrative law terms of use and abandonment of legal control over single datasets;
  5. The release of relevant and meaningful major datasets, rather than unimportant information;
  6. Marketing of the platform as the central repository for public data in the country and communication of its importance and activity.
  7. Establishment of a central and authoritative clearing house for data with authority to reprimand institutions if necessary.

Government data means that administrations govern it, not that they own it.

Opening government data will only be a success if unrestricted use is possible and actively encouraged. The platform should have model character and win support of all actors, including those possibly reusing the data. This is only possible by reaching an advanced state in usability, interfaces, security, accessability and openness. In its current state, the platform is far from these goals which is why the “community” cannot in good faith put its support behind it yet.

Representatives of the “German Open Data Community”

notes_and_translations/opendata-related_essay_translations/joint_statement/finally_setting_the_standard_to_open.txt · 上一次變更: 2019/01/16 04:48 (外部編輯)