20071129-GPL3不負責任正體中文化(草稿)

1、此為非官方譯文,且摻雜甚多原文所無之贅字以幫助讀者得其真意。
2、關於GPL3全文可參照此 ,唯有此一英文版本方為具解釋條款內容效力的正文。
3、此版本僅為草稿、其定位近似GPL3授權條款的白話版本與逐條釋義,近期將放至Google Doc上與工作同仁磋商合力編修,歡迎有興趣的先進們不吝指正勘誤。
4、此譯文無意取代任何現有的翻譯版本,但有鑑於譯文工作如追求精細,則語法上每有隔閡讓人難懂,是以此份譯文的轉化方式為求其大要而語法平順,主要提供予閱讀英文版本後仍不解條款意涵者,可據此重行思考以得快速領會之效。

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007

革奴公用授權條款(GPL)
第三版發布日期:2007年6月29日

Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

本份授權條款之所有著作權利經聲明為自由軟體基金會所有,更多資訊可參照自由軟體基金會之官方網址:http://fsf.org/。任何人皆可自由地重製、散布此份授權條款全文,但請注意此一重製散布行為限為逐字的拷貝,除自由軟體基金會外、任何人不得對授權條款的內容進行修改。

Preamble

序文

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft(註一) license for software and other kinds of works.

革奴公用授權條款(以下簡稱為GPL)為崇尚「軟體自由(註二)」之「著佐權(註三)」性質的軟體授權條款,其適用對象為一般的軟體程式或是其他本質上類同的智慧財產權客體。

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program–to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

一般附隨軟體程式散布的相關授權條款,都是設計為防堵後手(註四)分享及修改此一程式作品的自由。相對的、GPL卻是反其道而行,其編撰的目的乃為保障您及收受程式的相關後手,能夠對此程式及其後續版本享有除錯修改、重製散布等深化應用的自由,意即用來保障具「軟體自由」性質的相關程式,於其公開散布後能夠利用GPL來永保其「自由狀態」。是以自由軟體基金會已將其擁有智產權利的絕大多數軟體程式,皆以GPL為其散布時之授權條款;除軟體程式外、GPL亦可適用於其他本質上類同的智慧財產權客體,當然您也能將其適用於您所自行編寫的各類軟體程式上。

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

當我們談論到「自由軟體」一詞時,「自由」兩字表彰的乃是使用者運用軟體的自由,而非指涉價格上的免費。而GPL乃設計來確保相關軟體程式的使用者,其至少擁有將此軟體程式重製後再行散布的自由(當然、這個散布行為在某些條件下是可以收費的),而收受程式的後手亦能於收受程式目的碼的同時得到其原始碼,或者透過其他合理的管道另行取得程式原始碼,並且在一定條件下修改此依GPL釋出的軟體程式,令其與其他屬性相合的自由軟體合併結合,當一個軟體程式表彰其乃以GPL為其散布時之授權條款時,即是述明此軟體程式容許您對其進行上述所列舉的諸般深度應用,而非僅僅限制於膚淺的執行程式為其容許範圍。

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

為了保障軟體程式的後手取得者,皆可享有此等深度應用程式的自由權利,GPL須預設某些義務性規定令收受程式者遵守,以防止他人以任何不正的手段拒絕將這些自由權利再行散布出去,或是以其他迂迴的手法迫使再收受程式的後後手,放棄這些原著作權利人藉由GPL提供予後手的自由權利。因此、在您重製散布或是修改此等以GPL進行散布的軟體程式後,您即須肩負踐履相關義務性要求的責任,此等責任的落實、其主要的目的便是為了維繫自由軟體基金會推動「軟體自由」的理念,以契約化的義務性要求,保障其他人能夠依照GPL深度運用相關軟體程式的自由。

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

舉例來說、如您對外重製散布以GPL為授權的軟體程式,則不論此為收費行為抑或無償提供,您皆擔負依GPL規定、將您前手傳予您的自由權利,原封不動再傳遞於收受程式的再後手的義務。您必須確保經由您收受此軟體程式之後手,其能夠經由您得到相關的程式原始碼,或者、至少提供GPL內文肯認的其他合理替代管道供後手運用,以取得相關的程式原始碼。並且、您必須將此GPL授權條款全文揭示於收受程式的後手面前,以使其了解收受此GPL程式所將帶來的相關權利義務。

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

GPL相關程式的原始著作權人利用GPL授權條款將其擁有的智慧財產權利下放並供人運用,其透過下列兩個步驟來遂行此事:(1)依法主張其為此GPL相關程式的合法著作權利人,並且(2)依著作權利人的法律地位提供GPL授權條款,供程式後續使用者能夠依照條款內容獲得合法重製、散布及增修改良此軟體程式的合法容許權利。

For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.

同時為了合理保障GPL相關程式的原始著作權利人及後續編撰修改者的擔保責任不至於被過度擴張誇大,GPL授權條款於其本文內清楚的揭示了「無償即無責」的免責條款相關規定。而鑑於對於程式的使用者及編撰者皆有利的考量下,GPL條款要求任何人對此GPL授權程式進行編修後皆須盡合理標著的義務,如此一來、當產生任何技術上或法律上的問題時,即可合理的追溯其版本及解決方式,而不至於謬誤歸責到前一版本與問題無關的作者群們。

Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

現今許多的資訊影音裝置、其在運作上內嵌有軟體程式,但亦設有若干修改防止措施,一旦此一內嵌程式經過使用者修改後,則硬體裝置設有運作停止的機制、此機制會自動拒絕以修改過的程式代用原始程式。雖然就產品生產者而言其似乎有權做這樣的配置,但就「軟體自由」的理念出發,此種作為在根本基礎上已與自由軟體界捍衛軟體使用者具有編撰、改良軟體素質的自由有所扞格。並且企業界運行此種軟體修改防止措施,其影響亦波及了對其商業利益並無損害的一般使用者權益,是以其在合理妥適性方面更是令人感到無法接受(註五)。因此、第3版GPL與前版很大的一個不同點便在於,其研議修正出新的授權條款內容以防止此種「內嵌軟體修改防止措施」的濫用。並且自由軟體基金會於此聲明,若此種權利濫用的態樣嗣後擴大延燒至嵌入式軟體以外的其他相關領域,自由軟體基金會亦會利用其後 GPL改版修正的機會適切地對其進行防堵,而這些與時俱進的修正措施、可說皆是為了維護資訊時代使用者在軟體應用上應有的自由與權利。

Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.

最後、當代的自由軟體發展近年來持續為「軟體專利」的問題所困擾。其實就人類整體文明的發展而言,國家本就不該核可「軟體專利」此等既難辨別、又復對一般性的軟體程式研究及使用橫生阻撓的模糊技術,然而非常遺憾的、部份國家對於「軟體專利」的核可已是既定的事實。而為了防止「軟體專利」變相地被利用來將相關的自由軟體程式「私有化(註六)」,此一版本的GPL亦針對此點設計了相因應的特別條款,以保障前述隱憂不致在毫無拑制的情況下繼續擴散、惡化。

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

以下即為GPL第三版本的正式條款內容,您可依照其所述明的權利義務關係,對GPL3授權的軟體進行符合條款內容指示的重製、散布及修改行為。

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

正式條款內容及被授權人應遵守之義務性要求

0. Definitions.

第零條、字詞定義:

"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

以下所稱「GPL」,即指革奴公用授權條款的第三版本。

"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.

文中所指「智慧財產權利(註七)」、泛指各國與「著作權法」相關的各式無體財產權利,但並不侷限於著作權法下所列舉之著作、出版、音樂、影像等狹小權利範圍,如半導體遮罩、積體電路布局等較廣義的智慧技術的保護亦含攝之。

"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.

下文所舉「GPL軟體程式」意指以「GPL」為其散布時之授款條款的軟體程式。而條款中的「被授權人」在語句上概以「您」這個代名詞來表現。而此處所謂的「被授權人」及「收受GPL軟體程式的後手」,其主體可為一般自然人、法人或各國具法人地位的其他組織團體。

To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.

關於軟體程式的「修改」行為、指的即為拷貝或取用原軟體程式之全部或其中一部份轉植他用,而與完整的重製原軟體程式的行為有別,當然此取用行為的程度已逾一般合理使用(註八)的範圍,且須事前得到原軟體程式相關智慧財產權利人的同意。而「修改」後所得的軟體程式,以下概稱為原軟體程式的「衍生作品(註九)」,或較為慎重的說法、稱其為「基於原程式修改所得之衍生作品」。

A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.

而「GPL轄下的軟體程式」,則意指以GPL為其釋出時之授權條款的原軟體程式,以及「修改」自此種軟體程式後產生之「基於原程式修改所得之衍生作品」二類,而不論原軟體程式亦或其「衍生作品」,因其皆轄於GPL的約制之下,故其後的重製、散布、修改的各項權利義務關係須悉依GPL條款內容而定。

To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.

以下用「增殖」一詞來涵括自由軟體於普及化過程中會涉及的各種行為態樣,一般而言、這些行為依現行的智慧財產權相關法規的規定,若未得權利人的事先允許皆可能該當直接或間接的違法侵權責任,除非同時符合例外的除外規定、例如在電腦上執行程式產生暫時性的重製或是未再傳散出去的個人修改行為。一般而言、「增殖」的常見態樣包括重製、散布(原作品或是衍生作品),向一般公眾為提供行為,另外在某些國家亦可能含括其他的附隨行為。

To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.

而關於「傳遞」這個字詞、以下用以表達「增殖」過程中明確地將拷貝作品程式碼(原重製作品或是衍生作品)遞交予後手的行為過程。如果僅是透過網際網路進行資訊的互動,而並不涉及程式碼的移轉遞交(註十),則不會被GPL3視為「傳遞」行為之一種。

An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

義務性要求中有一項規定至為重要,那便是散布者須透過互動式的使用者介面,對授權條款相關的進行「善盡告知義務的法律聲明」。而所謂「善盡告知義務的法律聲明」,代表此一展示介面須包含二個核心的要素:(1)軟體著作權及其他智慧財產權利歸屬何人的權利聲明,(2)向收受程式的後手曉諭「免責條款」的存在及其內容(個別的程式散布人願意自行向後手擔負擔保責任則不在此限)。此外、告知後手其亦能夠依GPL3條款的要求將程式再行散布出去,並且指引其參閱 GPL3授權條款完整全文的方式和徒徑,如前述之展示介面採取的是使用者操作選單的表現方式,譬如目錄式選單供使用者自行點選個別選項後再展現文字內容的表現方式,那麼此一選單便須在顯眼醒目處設有專門點選項目,供使用者點選後即展示出前述要求之「權利聲明」及「免責條款」等相關資訊。

1. Source Code.

第一條、關於提供程式原始碼的相關事務

The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source form of a work.

GPL3授權條款中所認定的程式原始碼定義,指的是「程式供他人修改改良的最佳閱讀格式(註十一)」。而程式目的碼的範圍,則泛指只要被認定非為原始碼般易讀易改的格式,則皆可說是此一軟體程式的目的碼格式。

A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.

而所謂的「標準界面」,指的是下列二類認定標準中擇一符合的公開界面。第一類為通過國際間標準認證機構官方認可的標準界面,第二類則泛指特定程式語言社群間已廣為參與者認可及使用的一般界面。

The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.

關於可執行程式裡「系統函式庫」的範圍,其並不及於程式的整體,但簡單來說只要符合以下二個條件的部份皆涵括之,第一個條件、與可執行程式的「主要元件」包裹在一起進行運用,但其又非這些「主要元件」的本體;第二個條件、僅僅充當「主要元件」與其他元件間聯繫互動以執行程式功能的媒介,或者此媒介的功能乃安置某個「標準界面」、以供此執式程式能夠透過其與公開原始碼的其他軟體進行資訊共享及運作配合。是以為了較精準的界定「系統函式庫」的範圍,首要之務即為釐清「主要元件」的定義,在GPL3授權條款的脈絡裡、「主要元件」意指此一執行程式賴以運作的作業系統(如果有的話)其下不可或缺的重要元件(系統核心、視窗系統等等不可缺少不可分割的重要元件),或指的是將此作品進行編譯後產生可執行檔的編譯器,又或許是、執行程式時必備的目的碼直譯器亦包涵在「主要元件」的定義範圍裡。

The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.

而所謂「對應原始碼」的定義範圍,則是指程式以目的碼形式存在時,其背後所賴以產生、安裝、執行(如果此程式為一可執行程式的話)此目的碼形式之程式,並可據以修改作品的「原始碼檔案」,這個範圍包括了關於程式運作零零總總的各個腳本和控制變項的說明文件。然而、此謂「對應原始碼」的指涉範圍並不包括前述的「系統函式庫」,或是一般通用的常見附加工具程式,抑或其他未經修改、未為整體作品一部份,而僅是在程式功能的展示上輔助其表現的其他常見的自由軟體程式。如以實際例子來進行說明、所謂「對應原始碼」的範圍包括與程式原始碼檔案習習相關的介面說明檔案,亦涵括其他非程式本體的共享函式庫、動態連結子程式欲與程式連結互通資訊時所需的必要檔案,比如說子程式與子程式間、子程式與程式本體間,具緊密關係的檔案交流或是控制流程等,皆可被視為此種互通資訊時所需的必要檔案(註十二)。

The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.

然而、「對應原始碼」的範圍亦有其精簡的一面,其並不包括程式的使用者能夠透過「對應原始碼」其中一部份所自動產生的其他程式碼。

The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

而對於原本即以原始碼形式表現的程式而言,其之「對應原始碼」範圍、即等同於此一原始碼形式程式之全部。

2. Basic Permissions.

第二條、依本條款被授權人所被許可的基本權利

All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

GPL3授權條款的運作權源,乃奠基於程式權利所有人依各國著作權相關法規自由處分其權利的合法地位,在此須先行曉諭各權利人的是、此等權利一旦經由 GPL3授權散布,並且其各式義務性要求亦為被授權人遵守之後,即生授權不可嗣後撤回之效力。GPL3明示曉諭、任何收受此類GPL3程式之人,在不對程式進行修改的前提下,皆有合法執行程式的權利。原則上、運用「GPL3轄下程式」所產出的成果未必當然為GPL3授權條款效力所拘束,但如產出成果的內容包含有原「GPL轄下程式」的本體或其中一部份,則例外地此產出成果亦為GPL3授權條款所轄,其日後運用亦受GPL3授權條款內容所拘束。然而、與前版的不同處在於,第三版的GPL授權條款明示對於各國著作權相關法律,賦予一般民眾對於他人著作物,以合理使用為合法抗辯事由的尊重,若上述取用行為未逾合理限度則亦未必當然為GPL3授權條款內容所拘束(註十三)。

You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

在GPL慣有的理念思維裡,使用者的行為是否該當於程式碼實質「傳遞」的範疇,影響其後續的權利義務關係甚鉅。如使用者對於「GPL3轄下程式」未進行實質「傳遞」,其仍然可以依GPL3授權條款對此程式進行一定程度的製作、執行,及受限範圍內的「增殖」行為,這般的使用權利近似於個人使用的範圍,單純的個人使用並不會受到GPL3第三條以降的諸般義務性要求所拘束(註十四)。除了個人使用行為的明示豁免外、對於GPL3授權程式進行「受限式傳遞行為」的使用者而言,GPL3亦釐清(放寬)了其能夠進行的使用態樣,所謂「受限式傳遞行為」意指、雖使用者確實對於程式碼進行了實質傳輸移交的行為,但其傳遞對象及傳遞目的乃是受到限制的,在傳遞對象方面而言、其與程式的傳遞者之間有如法律上的僱傭或是承攬關係,其傳遞的目的乃是為此GPL3程式進行客製化改寫或是增編其他功能元件供原傳遞者使用,重要的是、此改寫及增編的成果不能逾越僱傭或承攬關係而對外更行散布,受僱人或是承包者須服膺在程式傳遞者的指示和控制之下,此種使用態樣近似於公司團體的「內部使用關係」,設若使用者能夠嚴守不向外散布程式及其衍生物的界限,則GPL3亦明示容許其團體內部式的利用關係,而不令其受到GPL3第三條以降的其他義務性條款所拘束。

Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.

除了前述「個人使用」及「內部使用」的行為,能夠例外地得到GPL3在拘束性上較為寬鬆的讓步外,其餘涉及GPL3軟體程式碼實質傳輸的「傳遞」行為,皆須踐履以下所訂的諸般義務性條款。對於GPL3程式的「再授權(註十五)」在條款的規定下是不被允許的,且在運作上並無必要與實益,詳細的說明可參閱條款第十條的相關規定。

3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

第三條、保障使用者免於受「程式反破解法規」拑制其合法權利行使的預告聲明

No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.

自由軟體基金會於此正式聲明,沒有任何一份依GPL3授權條款發布的程式,能被置於剝奪程式使用者權益的「程式反破解法規」之下,此類法規可參照世界智慧財產權組織於1996年12月20日通過的國際智慧財產權協約第十一章,因著自由軟體的推動本有其背後的理念和精神,若是軟體廠商濫用此種反破解法規以徹底壓抑使用者研究軟體的自由,無異是與自由軟體推廣人人皆有研究發展軟體的自由理念南轅北轍、彼此衝突。

When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.

是以當程式的原權利人欲將程式以GPL3授權條款進行散布時,其須體認到依GPL3授權條款的規定、除了此一授權不可嗣後任意撤回外(註十六),其基於程式原始著作權利人地位的權利行使範圍,亦會受到一定程度的微調與限制,譬如前述「程式反破解法規」行使上的自我抑制即為明例。白話來說、當程式的原權利人決定以GPL3釋出其程式的當下,其即因己意揚棄對於依GPL3收受程式的後手提出「程式反破解法規」訴求的權利,嗣後不可依任何相類的反破解訴求,限制後手依GPL3授權條款對此程式可為使用、研究、修改、重製散布的各種權利,即使原權利人依法有此權源,但因GPL3授權條款已明示曉諭其須事前放棄行使的權利,故未來如發生訴訟爭議,依GPL3取得程式的後手仍可依本條款此項規定提出無權利侵害的抗辯聲明。

4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

第四條、完整重製散布GPL3程式原始碼時的相關規定

You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

任何人依GPL3授權條款取得程式之人,皆被容許以同一授權條款、透過各種手段管道將其完整且未經修改的重製散布出去,前提要件是散布者須明白的彰示程式著作權人相關的著作權聲明,完整的保留程式以GPL3授權條款進行釋出的授權聲明,並提示後手、原始著作權人依本條款第七條對使用者添附的額外添附條款,此外亦須附有相應的免責聲明,最後、將本授權條款的內容全文附隨著程式一併傳遞予後手。

You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

上述完整的重製散布行為,散布者可依己意收取一定程度的價金或是免費提供,此外、亦可依己意對後手提供支援服務或是彼此議定的擔保責任以獲取價金。

5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

第五條、重製散布GPL3程式衍生作品原始碼時的相關規定

You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

對於原GPL3授權程式為修改者,可將此「基於原程式修改所得之衍生作品」,或是其他針對原程式進行修改、並在構成上摻雜部份原程式程式碼的修補程式(是以其即為GPL3效力所轄),依本條款第四條規定、以開放原始碼的形式進行散布,前提是散布者須同時踐履以下所列的諸般義務性要求:

a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.

第一項、此衍生作品須恒常明示其乃相對於原作品的修改作品,並且須註明修改日期。

b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to "keep intact all notices".

第二項、此衍生作品須恒常明示其亦轄於GPL3授權條款之下,嗣後須以GPL3為其散布時之授權條款,其使用者須恪遵GPL3授權條款的諸般義務性規定及衍生作品修改者依本條款第七條規定對使用者添附的額外添附條款。與前述GPL3第四條款不同的是、第四條款的預設狀態乃原始程式完整的重製散布,是以其要求後續的散布者須保持原著作權利人的著作權聲明及額外添附條款的完整性,但此程式經過修改後再行散布,修改者依照GPL3授權條款第七條可能會將原著作權人添附的額外添附條款進行增修取捨,是以此項規定可說是第四條款的修正條款,解釋上須配合第四條款的內容整體以觀。

c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.

第三項、此衍生作品須整體地以GPL3為其日後散布時之授權條款,意即、任何收受此一衍生作品的後手,僅能依照GPL3的授權模式得到此一衍生作品。而不論此一衍生作品透過何種方式包裹散布,只要其中一部份修改取用自原GPL3授權之程式碼,則整體衍生作品皆轄於GPL3授權條款及原作品著作權人所添附之額外添附條款的拘束下。GPL3授權條款並不允許此一衍生作品以其他的授權模式進行授權散布,意即不得以他種授權條款代換GPL3、亦不得將此衍生作品刻意切割,而不以其整體適用GPL3授權條款進行散布,但如果收受衍生作品的後手乃個別分開式的收受衍生作品的一部份,GPL3授權條款亦不至嚴苛認此個別部份的授權行為無效,舉例來說、衍生作品的修改者依GPL3條款規定本應以衍生作品的「整體」進行GPL3模式的授權,但如修改者事實上未完全服膺此項規定、其僅提出衍生作品中的一部份做為GPL3授權散布的標的,則解釋上此時GPL3授權效力及於衍生作品的「整體」,亦即未經散布卻與已散布部份為應用上不可分割、無法獨立的其他程式,亦為GPL3授權條款效力所拘束。

d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.

若此一修改過的衍生作品附有「互動式使用者操作介面」,則修改者須透過此一介面,對收受其衍生作品的每一個後手「善盡相關法律關係的告知義務」,然而、如果修改前之原GPL3授權程式即未盡此項告知義務,修改者自然也並無義務非得在衍生作品中為其加上。

A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

有時「GPL3轄下程式」的原始碼經過編譯後,會與本質上有所分別且具獨立性的其他軟體進行應用上的結合與互動,所謂具獨立性的軟體意指、這些軟體在本質上並非「GPL3轄下程式」的延伸,其亦非必然須與「GPL3轄下程式」進行結合方可運作。此時「GPL轄下程式」常與此些獨立程式包裹式地存放於同一儲存媒介併行散布(例如CD-ROM、DVD-ROM),然而其究非彼此間不可或缺的緊密結合關係(例如結合成一個不可分割的大程式)。自由軟體基金會稱此種包裹式的合併方式為「程式聚合的散布型態」,只要個別程式間的授權關係並不彼此干涉影響(舉例來說、不能因為聚合程式中某私有軟體的特殊要求,而影響到其中GPL3程式的授權態樣),那麼GPL3授權條款的拘束力亦不及於聚合程式內的其他獨立程式。

6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

第六條、重製散布GPL3程式目的碼時的相關規定

You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:

除了前述以程式原始碼進行散布的方式外,GPL3亦容許散布者以程式目的碼為散布客體的代換選項,前提是、除程式目的碼之外,散布者須同時備齊可供機械辨讀的「對應原始碼」格式(以防止部份散布者以「列印紙本」的方式提供其原始碼檔案),並選擇下列五種散布方式之一、來對收受程式目的碼的後手提供此「對應原始碼」。

a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.

第一項、如將程式目的碼內嵌於實體產品中(例如在實體產品內嵌有軟體之無線路由器等)、或載於儲存媒介中與產品併行散布,此時可將程式原始碼載於實體儲存媒介(如CD-ROM、DVD-ROM)中併行散布(例如在販售套裝裡隨附有提供程式原始碼之光碟)。

b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.

第二項、將程式目的碼內嵌於實體產品中(例如在實體產品內嵌有軟體之無線路由器等)、或載於儲存媒介中與產品併行散布,如不採前項原始碼附隨產品同時釋出的方式,則散布者須向透過其收受程式目的碼者、提供一紙有效成文法律文件,文件內容允諾程式目的碼的散布者,肩負日後另行提供同一程式原始碼之義務,此一原始碼提供義務的存續期間、為此目的碼散布行為後的三年內,抑或散布者對此產品持續開發模組及提供客戶支援服務的存續期間,擇其較長期間為準(註十七)。而此另行單獨提供程式原始碼的義務,如透過進行一般進行資料交換的實體儲存媒介為之(如CD-ROM、DVD-ROM),散布者僅能向另行索取程式原始碼之人,收取散布過程中所耗費的工本費用(如CD-ROM、DVD-ROM的壓製費用及寄送過程的郵資運費);而若是散布者透過網際網路,供透過其取得程式碼之人另行下載程式原始碼,則此下載服務原則上並不能收取任何的費用(註十八)。

c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.

第三項、如果散布者是透過本條款第六條第二項規定的方式取得程式目的碼(意即其僅從前手處取得程式目的碼,及散布者允諾日後擔負提供程式原始碼義務的法律文件),若其後的散布行為乃非常態性、非商業性的個別散布行為,此一非商業收費型態的散布者、可僅僅將其自前手處得到的法律文件重製拷貝予後手,此時散布者即實踐了其散布程式原始碼的義務性要求(註十九)。

d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.

第四項、散布者可將程式目的碼儲放於特定裝置、位置供他人取用(付費取得或是免費取得皆可),但前提是同一裝置及位置上、取得程式目的碼之人亦可於同處取得程式原始碼,且此程式原始碼的分別提供,並不允許散布者再進行額外的收費。亦即、散布者毋須在散布程式目的碼的當下,即令取得目的碼之人亦須同時取得程式原始碼,但須提供其可同時取得程式原始碼的選項供其自擇,而此單獨提供程式原始碼的服務並不可另行額外收費。如果此一特定裝置、位置是透過網路伺服器的方式供人下載,那麼程式目的碼的儲放位置可能與程式原始碼的儲放位置有所分別,此種狀況乃在GPL3容許範圍之下,重要的是、下載程式目的碼之人可於其下載目的碼的網頁位置上,清楚知悉原始碼的下載連結為何,並能有效的進行下載。而不論程式目的碼與原始碼是否儲於同一伺服器上,提供程式目的碼的散布者,皆有義務維護程式原始碼下載連結的妥善性,基本上只要使用者能夠成功下載到程式目的碼,散布者程式目的碼之人即負令下載者妥善取得程式原始碼的義務。

e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.

第五項、利用點對點(P2P)的傳輸方式進行程式目的碼的散布,但亦須告知下載者(Peers)、其可透過此種技術同時獲得程式原始碼的途徑。就如同本條第四項所規定、透過點對點技術散布程式目的碼之人,其同時亦應以同一傳輸協定提供程式原始碼的下載服務,亦即下載者於下載程式初始即具選擇權,其可自擇是否單單下載程式目的碼、或是同時將程式目的碼及原始碼併行下載。而如同前列各項規定、透過點對點傳輸方式單獨提供程式原始碼的下載行為,並不能對下載者要求收取費用。

A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.

附帶一提、程式以目的碼形式存在者,常須透過「系統函式庫」的協助進行運作。而就如前述、此種「系統函式庫」乃程式與程式之間進行資訊溝通協作的橋樑,其並不會被包括於程式原始碼形式之中,是以嚴格來說、其並非程式目的碼的從屬部份,故亦毋須必然要與程式目的碼併行進行散布之。

A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

以下是關於GPL3對「一般性使用商品(User Product)」的定義範圍:一、一般民眾購置做為個人或家庭使用;二、此一商品初始設計規劃即為融入一般家居生活使用為目的,只要任一產品符合其上任一定義,即會被GPL3認定包含在「一般性使用商品」的範疇之內。當然此一定義在適用上,仍無法免除部份複雜的情況而難以簡易辨別,重要的輔助評斷要件在於,以產品使用上的「覆蓋率」來決定其是否該劃入「一般性使用商品」的範圍,亦即是否「多數人」視其為個人或家庭使用,亦或此一商品乃設計融入「多數人的一般家居生活」。與「特別設計商品」不同之處在於,「一般性使用商品」預估的使用對象乃一般民眾,其使用用途亦具多數人皆相同的普遍性,不論是否有人別出心裁的以其他特殊方式來使用它,只要多數人在使用目的上具有普遍性,即可被認為是「一般性使用商品」。是以任何商品只要符合以上定義即為GPL3認定的「一般性使用商品」,不論其是否為少數人取之用於商業牟利、產業利用或是其他非消費型態的利用方式都無涉,除非此種少數的利用方式、確為其最具代表性且幾近唯一的利用方式,否則任何商品只要是多數人皆取之於個人及家庭目的使用,即為GPL3認定的「一般性使用商品」。

"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.

而「一般性使用商品」的「安裝資訊」,包括了諸如安裝流程、安裝後的授權認證及其他關於程式安裝及使用上所須提供的各式資訊,此等資訊的提供、須使得程式由原始碼格式經過修改後,重新編譯再植入產品內取代原嵌入的舊版軟體,而產品依然能夠運作流暢無誤。質言之、GPL3授權條款對於此等「安裝資訊」的提供要求,在於保證產品內嵌入的自由軟體,不致於經過修改後即無法與產品硬體之間重啟連結運作關係,亦即、不至於任由部份硬體廠商,以硬體設定的方式變相地拑制了GPL3授權之自由軟體的「自由修改性」。亦即、倘若任一硬體機器產品內嵌有GPL3授權程式,其機器生產散布者於產品散布時、亦須提供前述「充足的程式安裝資訊」,而透過此「安裝資訊」提供的配合,此GPL3授權程式在經過修改後仍然能夠於同一硬體產品內運行無誤。

If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).

倘若散布者傳遞出的GPL3程式目的碼,其乃附隨前述「一般性使用商品」的買賣過程(或其他態樣的物權移轉關係)中併行散布,則不論形式上此買賣契約(或其他態樣的物權移轉契約)如何訂立,只要此「一般性使用商品」的用益權確乎產生永久或一定期間的移轉(即「一般性使用商品」的買受人能在一段不短的時間內使用此產品),則照本項規定、散布者依規定實踐散布程式「對應原始碼」的義務時,其「對應原始碼」的資料須包含程式「安裝資訊」的詳細相關內容。但如果程式目的碼的散布者或任何第三人,皆不具有修改程式目的碼並代換原產品內嵌程式的能力,則不受本項規定所拘束(例如將程式嵌入於產品的「唯讀記憶體」中,而這部份的程式碼並無法予以嗣後代換)。

The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.

須特別表明的是、前述程式目的碼散布者,有時一定情形下亦須提供程式相關「安裝資訊」的要求,但此一義務性要求的實踐、並不會被GPL3漫無節制的無限上綱。當收受程式的後手嗣後已修改了原程式,亦或此類「一般性使用商品」販售後已為他人修改,則原程式目的碼的散布者、並不會仍被要求肩負相關「支援服務」、「產品合用擔保」的責任,或是提供這些已為他人修改程式的後續支援升級檔案等等,亦即、程式目的碼的散布者其散布之初須提供詳實的「安裝資訊」供後手對程式進行後續修改及最大自由的利用,但並不陷此目的碼散布者即須肩負未來無盡無窮的各式擔保責任,若程式散布之後已為他人修改、則自然不該將相關的資訊維護義務歸責於與此修改行為無關的初始散布者。而若原程式目的碼的散布者本供有相當的後續網路支援服務,亦可能因為其後他人修改版本實質地更動了網路協定或程式預設的溝通結構而不再適用,這般因程式為他人修改後自動停止網路支援服務的行為,於合理範圍內是可以為自由軟體基金會理解並接受的。

Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

最後須注意的是、GPL3對於程式目的碼的「對應原始碼」傳遞,及相關「安裝資訊」的提供,設有特別的額外要求。欲滿足此項義務性要求的實踐、散布者須將資料以「公開的檔案格式(註?)」進行儲放(大眾皆可用的開放文檔格式),並且不可將所提供的資訊加密、封鎖或是進行類似的防拷配置,而阻礙到收受程式目的碼的後手對這些資料進行閱讀和解譯。

7. Additional Terms.

第七條、GPL3容許散布者向後手添附的額外添附條款

"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

所謂的「額外添附條款」意指,GPL3程式散布者在散布程式時,除了GPL3的本文內容外,另外自行添附並向後手要求遵守的義務性規定。此項亦為GPL3 與GPL2極大的不同處,按GPL條款的設立精神殆為維持軟體程式能不間斷地為人使用改良的「自由狀態」,是以GPL條款編撰之初即聲明除自由軟體基金會外,任何人皆不可對條款本文增刪一字,但從二版演進到三版、自由軟體基金會就此點亦有相當的妥協與演變,在三版的GPL裡、條款本文仍然不能為任何第三人修改,但散布者卻能夠依此條規定(GPL3授權條款第七條)向後手增附額外的限制條款(但添附哪些額外添附條款的選擇內容本身就是受到限制的)。而這些為散布者添附的「額外添附條款」即被視為與GPL3本文條款相同具有一定的法律拘束效力,那如果散布者僅將這些「額外添附條款」聲明僅拘束到整體程式的某一部份,如程式此一部份乃可資技術上辨識與分割者,則此聲明仍然有效,亦即、GPL3本文適用至程式全體,而程式的特別部份則受GPL3本文及「額外添附條款」同時拘束。

When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

GPL3程式的散布者關於「額外添附條款」的應用方式可以是很靈活的,例如若散布者原收受的GPL3程式本已有前手添附的「額外添附條款」,散布者可在滿足某些條件後(有時候添附「額外添附條款」的前手,同時也預設了限制在哪些狀況下才能被消除的前提要求),將這些「額外添附條款」予以抹除再將程式散布出去,這種抺除行為的效力可以及於所散布GPL3程式的全部或其一部份,亦即、可以靈活的將「部份」「額外添附條款」抹除,或是將「整體」「額外添附條款」對於「部份」程式區塊的拘束效力抹除,甚至、將「部份」「額外添附條款」對於「部份」程式區塊的拘束效力個別性的抺除。而從另一方面來看、除了抹除前手原所添附的「額外添附條款」外,GPL3程式的散布者亦可在散布程式時向後手添附其認可的「額外添附條款」,前提是散布者本身對其添附限制的部份具有合法的權利人地位。

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:

散布者在取得原權利人同意或是滿足其預設的要求條件後,能夠添附以下六款「額外添附條款」至GPL3授權條款內,再依此複合狀態的授權規定將程式再行散布出去,此六款「額外添附條款」的實際內容如下:

a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or

1、宣告與GPL3本文第十五條及第十六條有別的免責條款或所謂的責任限定條款(註?);

b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or

2、要求後手在程式的後續傳遞過程中保留原權利人合理的相關法律聲明,比如顯名式的著作人格權保留或其他合理聲明等(註?美國的著作人格權規定);

c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or

3、禁止後手刻意混淆修改作品與原作品的同一性,或是由原程式的著作人要求修改者,須以不同的版本號或清楚的聲明宣示此衍生作品為一修改物,以公示釐清修改版本並非出於原程式著作人之手,而不至於將修改版本日後的技術瑕疵或法律爭議無辜地歸咎於程式的原作者;

d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or

4、禁止後手在未經允許的狀況下,以原程式著作人的名聲為後續版本進行宣傳或為修改程式的品質背書;

e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or

5、原權利人明示其在商標法的允認範圍內,禁止收受程式的後手使用者在未經允許的前提之下運用這些商標及相關的各式商品服務標記。

f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.

6、原權利人可添附「損害發生補償條款(契約責任禁止添加條款)」。有時後續散布GPL程式者,會與收受程式者議定不同於GPL原始散布狀態的契約責任,這些契約責任的內容甚至可能波及程式的原始著作權利人,或是其他參與程式修改的接續作者也得擔負這些額外的責任。如果擔心這樣的事情發生,原權利人便可據本項規定添加「損害發生補償條款(後續契約責任添加禁止條款)」再將程式釋出,來加以明示防堵,意即、程式的著作權利人得利用此項聲明,明文表示、若程式後續散布者與他人簽訂契約散布此一程式,後續卻讓其負擔權益上的損害,則此程式的後續散布者便須依照「損害發生補償條款」的規定,補償其因此而產生的權益損失。

All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

除了本條六項「額外添附條款」之外,任何人皆不可對於GPL3條款做任何的添加或修正,只要是逾越此六項「額外添附條款」所規定的範疇,皆會被視為是對 GPL3條款的「額外限制條款」,而被GPL3本文第十條所禁止。當後手依照GPL3的授權方式得到某個程式,其散布者聲明以GPL3為釋出時的授權條款,但又對於後手使用者添附了此六項條款以外的「額外限制條款」,此時程式的後手使用者對於這些並非GPL3條款本文的「額外限制條款」並無遵守的義務,甚至後手使用者若欲再行散布此一程式,其可將這些「額外限制條款」予以刪除後直接以GPL3本文進行再散布。亦即、若是某個程式的授權文件包含了前述這種「額外限制條款」,但卻同時言明其容許使用者對於程式再授權或是以GPL3授權條款進行後續的散布,那麼散布者可將此程式置於「GPL3授權條款的管轄拘束範圍內」,未來在進行程式的再散布時、便以GPL3為此程式後續散布時使用的授權條款,前提是其原有的「額外限制條款」並不能與GPL3授權條款並存,散布者須在程式以GPL3授權條款進行散布前,即將這些「額外限制條款」予以刪除。

If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

如任一散布者依本條規定,自行將前述六項GPL3的「額外添附條款」加進程式裡,其亦應盡其說明義務,清楚的說明這些「額外添附條款」是應用到程式的哪一部份,或者、至少設立連結,讓有心了解者可以依連結按圖索驥的查照程式的哪一部份是受到哪些「額外添附條款」的特別拘束。

Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

GPL3所謂的「額外添附條款」,可以被書寫成「額外允許的形式」或是「額外禁止的形式」(註?),可以另一份聲明文件的形式存在,亦可以添附於GPL3本文之末以除外聲明的形式存在;但不論其以哪一種形式表達,其都不能逾越本條前述的各項界限。

8. Termination.

第八條、GPL3預設的終止條款

You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

任何人欲對GPL3授權的程式進行修改及增殖,其僅能完全依足GPL3授權條款的各項規定來施行。任何不願依照GPL3授權條款對此程式所為的修改及增殖行為都是無法律權源的無效行為,甚至使用者本來依照GPL3授權條款可取得的合法授權,會因其後的違反行為而歸於「失權」狀態(包括使用者依照本文第十一條取得的各式專利授權)。

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

然而、散布因違反GPL3而喪失的權利,並非永久沒有恢復的機會,除了原權利人明示依GPL3再次授權予違反者的傳統方式外,GPL第三版與二版其中一個重要的不同點,便在於GPL3容許一定情狀下的「默式復權」。意即、倘若散布者違反GPL3的行為經其事後補正修改,並停止一切先前對於GPL3授權條款遵守不足的情形,那麼其原先依GPL3可得的授權會以兩種形式自動回復:(1)暫時性回復、在違反者停止違反授權條款並踐履授權條款各項義務性規定時,其原先取得的授權即自動回復,除非此GPL3程式的著作權利人認為此種違反行為惡性重大,而具體明示違反者須受到永久失權的處置;(2)永久性回復、若此 GPL3程式的著作權人,在違反者停止違反授權條款規定並踐履授權條款的各項義務性規定後的60天內,並沒有透過合理的方式對原違反者表達其永久失權的意思表示,則此時原違反GPL3授權規定但嗣後補正之人,永久性的恢復其原依GPL3授權條款所能取得的所有權利。

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

除此之外、如果此一GPL3授權條款的違反行為乃是由程式的原著作權人主動告知違反者,那麼只要違反者在第一次收到原著作權人通知的三十天內將此缺失補正,便視其失權狀態終止,而永久性的回復其依GPL3授權條款本可被授予的權利。

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

上述的失權狀態並不影響GPL3程式散布的鏈結,亦即如前手因GPL3授權條款的違反而致使其無法再享有GPL3授權條款所授予的權利,其在失權之前依 GPL3將程式再行散布出去的行為,並不會因其本身嗣後失權而一概無效,意即GPL3傳遞的鏈結關係中,若任一中介傳遞的散布者嗣後被宣告失權,並不會對後手依GPL3已取得的權利造成妨害;但為了防止對GPL3授權條款惡意的違犯者依此條再由別處取得同一程式的GPL3授權,授權條款在此明言,任何散布者若因違反行為而被宣告失權並已罹前述的復權時效,嗣言即不得再由此程式的GPL3傳遞循環中,更行取得GPL3的再次授權,此乃為了防止惡意違犯者失權後利用GPL3授權循環鍵(本文第十條所載)一再取得相關權利,而在此明言將其摒除、禁止於GPL3的授權循環鏈裡。

9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

第九條、重製GPL3程式行為本身即該當於條款的接受聲明

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

當任何人取得GPL3程式或是單純的執行運用它時,GPL3授權條款並未課予其任何義務性規定要去遵守,從而若僅是單純得到GPL3程式而去使用它,使用者某種程度來說可以對GPL3授權條款本身毫無認識,就GPL3程式以P2P的傳遞方式為例,下載者甚至不需要填註其認可GPL3授權條款的任何聲明;然而、GPL3程式僅能夠依照GPL3授權條款的各項規定進行程式的「修改」與「散布」,這一點是修改者與散布者不可不知的重要前提。因此、任何人若是對 GPL3程式進行實質的修改與涉及程式碼傳遞的散布行為,其修改及散布行為本身,即該當其已認可GPL3條款規定的意思表示。

10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

第十條、GPL3授權條款對後手及其後手們的自動授權循環

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

當任一散布者將GPL3授權程式傳遞出去時,收受程式的後手自動從程式的原始著作權人之處取得GPL3授權條款的授權內容,亦即、依照GPL3授權條款容許的範圍來執行、修改、再行散布此一程式的權利。授權人(原程式著作權人)與被授權人(收受程式的後手)之間的權利義務關係,悉依GPL3授權條款的規劃內容來配置,並不受到任何第三人或其他團體的干預。

An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

所謂「法人格的交易移轉」、意指某個法人其整體控制權、資產透過交易行為進行移轉,或是透過分割、合併行為進行轉移。那麼、如果GPL3程式的增殖行為,是由於某一團體「法人格交易移轉」所產生的結果,那麼「法人格交易移轉」的當事人各方,都取得法人格分割、合併前原法人團體依GPL3授權條款所能取得的權能,如前人格因GPL3授權條款的規定,本居於能夠取得某一GPL3程式原始碼的地位,那麼其分割或合併後的法人團體,自亦繼受這樣的法律地位。

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

除GPL3授權條款本文及其第七條容許的六項「額外添附條款」之外,任何散布者不得於GPL3程式的傳遞過程內,對其後手增加原條款所無的額外限制。舉例來說、任何散布者不得以GPL3授權程式向其後手收受「授權費用」、「權利金」、或是任何依授權名目收求的同類型金額;除此之外、散布GPL3程式此一行為,對散布者本身產生了一定程度的「自縛性(註?)」,意即其並不能依同一程式向其他依GPL3收受此程式的其他使用者,提出各類型的專利侵權訴訟(包括本訴、反訴、附帶訴訟皆不可)。

11. Patents.

第十一條、GPL3關於專利授權方面的規定

A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".

GPL3以「貢獻者(Contributor)」這個字詞,來指稱那些將已身程式以GPL3授權釋出,或是GPL3程式乃構築於其作品的基礎上後續發展的原著作權人。而透過此種貢獻產生的GPL3軟體程式,GPL3授權條款將其稱為「貢獻者版本程式」。

A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

而若貢獻者將其專利技術寫進其所貢獻的GPL3程式裡,其仍然可以依專利許可的各國法律主張其專利權之行使,此處所謂的專利技術包括申請前後的技術皆包括之,但是GPL3授權條款同時在此言明,貢獻者不可據其專利權的行使,來妨礙此一GPL3程式後續為人依GPL3授權並進行修改、使用的可能性。依此、 GPL3在此清楚表明,任何貢獻者若將其專利技術寫進GPL3授權的程式當中,其就容許後續的GPL3程式散布者,將此專利技術依GPL3授權條款蘊含的精神「再授權」出去,任何後手依GPL3授權的規定對程式進行修改、及使用、散布,並不會侵犯到此一貢獻者的專利權利(註?)。

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

任一貢獻者如將己身的專利技術寫進GPL3軟體程式中,那麼其即提供後續取得此一GPL3程式之人、非專屬、不限制地域、免授權金式的專利技術運用權利,當然這樣的專利技術運用仍是侷限於此一GPL3程式後續的運作、修改、再散布,並佈及GPL3程式延伸的製造、商業販售行為亦包含在內。

In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

GPL3在本條以下的段落裡,提到「專利授權條款」時、其實指稱的乃是「專利權行使抑制條款」,或更清楚的說、乃是「一定範圍內的專利權利聲明禁止條款」。亦即任何人將其專利權寫入GPL3程式裡,其「專利授權」即指、允諾日後不據此專利權,向依GPL3授權條款取得程式並進行後續修改、散布之人進行專利權聲明的司法訴訟。

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

是以如散布者「明知」其所欲散布的GPL3程式包含某些他人擁有的專利技術,而若日後專利權人聲明專利權,會造成軟體程式的原始碼沒有辦法依GPL3預設的遊戲規則進行散布,意即造成收受程式的後手無法自由地修改及散布程式,此時明知此情形的程式散布者便有義務就以下三個問題進行處理:(1)解決程式對應原始碼無法隨目的碼傳遞的問題;(2)利益迴避、散布者須確定自身不會因為此專利權日後的聲張得到任何直接間接的好處;(3)讓專利授權的態樣符合 GPL3授權條款的規劃,亦即維護專利權人不得向,依GPL3程式應用此專利技術之人行使專利聲明的狀態。所謂的「明知」、即是散布者事先知悉其所散布 GPL3程式中專利權的存在,並且此專利權的行使及聲明,於其欲散布的國家、地域裡是受到應許的。

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

是以、若是GPL3程式的散布者在任一次單一的程式交易移轉中,將其專利技術授權至特殊並可得確定的收受後手,並且賦予此一特定後手依GPL3授權條款,嗣後對此摻雜專利權的程式進行使用、修改、後續散布的權利,那麼這個專利授權將依GPL3授權條款自動延展授予範圍,意即任一從此原特定收受後手處取得程式者,皆被賦予同其前手一般的專利授權。

A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

而某些專利授權會被GPL3授權條款認為是「歧視性的專利授權條款」,所謂「歧視性的專利授權條款」意指雖然專利授權隨同GPL3程式一併釋出,但其更改了GPL3授權條款許多權利預設的授予模式,其禁止或是約制部份按照GPL3授權條款本該無額外限制授予收受程式後手者的專利權應用範圍。是以、GPL3 授權條款在此明示禁止這種行為,任何散布者不可將此種「歧視性專利授權條款」摻雜入GPL3程式,並與此專利授權有關的第三者達成交易協定,此種協定要求散布者根據GPL3程式的散布率向該第三組織付費,以換取散布者能夠將此種歧視性的專利授權摻雜至GPL3程式的法律地位。散布者將此種「歧視性專利授權條款」摻雜至其所散布的GPL3軟體程式是不允當的,並且會對此一散布者造成下列的譴責效果:(1)無權繼續重製散布此一GPL3程式;(2)無權將此 GPL3與特定產品或與其他程式合併編譯釋出。除非上述這類將「歧視性專利授權條款」加入GPL3散布行為之一環的行為,乃先於公元2007年3月28日前即已訂立,則因條款修訂不溯及既往而不被GPL3授權條款所追究。

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

請勿將以上GPL3授權條款,關於專利權行使所規劃的遊戲規則,當成是規避或是限制合法專利權人依法行使其專利權的違法條款,誠然、專利權乃各國司法體制容忍賦予的專門權利,GPL3授權條款並無意否認此一現行法容認的制度,只是試圖在專利權行使與GPL3授權條款追求「軟體自由」實踐這個理念之間,找到一條合宜合適而互不攻擊傾圮的調和之道,任一合法被各國法律授予專利權之專利權人,仍然合法享有其專利權利,只是若要將其專利技術導入GPL3軟體程式者,請務必詳讀了解GPL3授權條款有其堅持及運行法則,一旦專利技術寫進GPL3軟體程式裡,即在某種程度受授權條款預設的遊戲規則所約制,這一點不可不知(註?第三人專利問題)。

12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

第十二條、不要放棄別人的自由

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

任何轄於GPL3授權條款的程式,其後就僅能依GPL3來進行散布,任何散布者因為當地的法院判決、個別的契約責任或其他相類的問題,致使其無法依足GPL3授權條款預設的諸般義務性要求來散布程式,這些問題並不能成為散布者怠於遵守GPL3授權條款義務性要求的合理化藉口,如果散布者就是客觀上無法同時滿足GPL3授權條款的要求及其自身的特別處境,那麼魚與熊掌不可兼得,GPL3授權條款在此明言、散布者唯一能採取的作為就是自始不要散布這個GPL3軟體程式,就GPL3授權條款的義務性遵從方面並不能任意的被犧牲,為了達到「軟體自由」的理想,GPL3授權條款的實踐上必須要有這樣的堅持。舉例來說、如果散布者簽署了某份契約,其中明定其日後散布某一GPL3軟體程式須代為收取「授權金費用」,而此授權金費用的收取乃為GPL3授權條款所明文禁止的利用態樣,那麼此時散布者唯一不致雙面違約的辦法(違反其與他人訂立的契約與違反GPL3授權條款),就是自始皆不散布此一GPL3授權對軟體程式。竟即、此單一散布者要如何與第三方訂立契約內容為其自由,但只要系屬GPL3授權程式,其散布上的利用型態僅能依GPL3授權條款的預設來進行,此點為自由軟體基金會及GPL3各相關程式投注心血的程式著作權人,所堅持不欲讓步的重要聲明。

13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

第十三條、GPL3授權條款與GNU Affero公眾授權條款的相互融通性

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

不同於GPL條款傳統上對於「授權攫取」這項特性的堅持,自由軟體基金會於GPL3授權條款開放一個特例,亦即任一GPL3程式的使用者、皆有權將此 GPL3程式與其他以GNU Affero公眾授權條款授權的程式進行結合運用,並將此結合作品視為單一作品進行散布。而結合後的授權關係、原GPL3授權條款仍然對其原覆蓋範圍產生拘束力,而GNU Affero公眾授權條款的第十三條,關於網路互聯方面的規定,則對於原GNU Affero授權的部份保有原來效力,並不至為GPL3所整體消弭,亦不至於將網路互聯方面的規定延燒感染到原GPL3授權的部份(註?釐清GPL3與 GNU Affero之間的關係)。

14. Revised Versions of this License.

第十四條、革奴公眾授權條款嗣後改版的更新規定

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

自由軟體基金會保留嗣後發佈新版「革奴公眾授權條款」的權能。新的版本相對於舊版在推廣自由軟體的精神上類同,但會在細節上做出修正以解決嗣後環境變遷可能帶來的嶄新議題。

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

每一版本的授權條款均有可供辨識的版本序號。如果GPL軟體程式的原著作權人指定某一版本序號及明示其後更新版本皆可,則收受程式者可自由選擇此版本序號及其之後的任一更新版本做為依循對象。如果GPL軟體程式的原著作權人並無特別指定,則收受程式者可選擇「自由軟體基金會」就「革奴公眾授權條款」釋出的任一版本做為依循對象。

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

如收受者得到某一「GPL3軟體程式」時,其原始著作權人已指定將未來的「更新版本決定權」,交託於某機構或有代表權之人代理,則此代表機構嗣後的更新版本決定及於你所收受的「GPL3軟體程式」,因收受者已事先知悉此種更新的流程之故,是以並無更改契約內容須重新締約的問題。

Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

後續的GPL版本較諸舊版本,也許會開放更多的權利、也許會設有更多不同的額外限制。然而、請記得這樣嗣後的版本轉換,並非程式的原著作權人硬加於後手的強迫性義務服從,論其要旨、還是出於程式散布人的自由意志,此點不可不知。

15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

第十五條、免責條款

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

因GPL3軟體程式的授權模式乃是無償提供,是以在現行法律的架構下可以主張合理的免除擔保責任。除非另有書面約定,否則無論著作權人或任何後續散布者,對於其所散布的GPL3軟體程式皆不負任何形式上實質上的擔保責任,明示亦或隱喻、商業利用性亦或特定目的使用性,這些均不在保障之列。利用GPL3軟體程式的所有風險均由使用者自行擔負。假如所使用的GPL3程式發生缺陷性問題,使用者需自行擔負修正、改正及必要的服務支出。

16. Limitation of Liability.

第十六條、限定的責任範圍

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

除非現行法或是事前的書面協議,否則GPL3軟體程式的著作權人及其後續任一修改、再散布者,均不負任何形式上實質上的擔保責任,無論任何一般的、特殊的、偶發的、因果關係式的損害,或是GPL3軟體程式的不適用性(諸如資料檔的流失、資料模糊變異、持續性造成損失、與其他應用程式的不相容性等等),均須由使用者自行負擔。即使著作權人或修改者、散布者已預知、預告了這樣的風險亦不例外。

17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

第十七條、各國法院對於本條款第十五、十六條的譯解及尊重

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

如果關乎GPL3爭議的訴訟發生時、前述第十五條的免責條款及第十六條的限定責任範圍,並不能被承審法院直接依當地法律予以完全適用,自由軟體基金會在此提出期望聲明、希冀各國承審法院能夠彈性地,以該國法律上最低民事責任的態樣來適用GPL3此類規定,意即確實體認到GPL3軟體程式乃著作權人無償釋出予後手,並不應對這些功成不求報的程式撰寫人課予過重的責任。但當然、若是散布者對於GPL3軟體程式的釋出乃是有期約收費的販售行為,自然這個責任要件可以彈性更動向上提升,便不再受此最低責任範圍聲明的保障。

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

至此GPL3授權條款律定重製、散布及修改規則的本文結束

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

如何將GPL3授權條款適用到所欲釋出的軟體程式

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

如軟體著作權人自行編寫了某個軟體程式,且想對公眾開放以達到其最大利用的可能性,自由軟體基金會在此建議,其應以自由軟體授權條款的方式釋出,以達到嗣後使用者皆可對程式進行修改及再散布的目的。任何人皆可以透過適用前述的GNU公眾授權條款,輕鬆達到這個目的。

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

要將所研發的軟體程式適用此份授權條款,著作權人須於軟體程式內附加以下的聲明。建議在每個原始碼檔案的開頭均須附上,這樣可以最有效清楚的傳達保障著作人自身的「免責條款」,且每個檔案開頭至少清楚顯示「著作權聲明」字樣,且讓他人能夠簡便的連結到完整的聲明文件,確保授權條款所規劃的權利義務關係不致為使用者所誤解。

Copyright (C)

<用一行字對軟體程式的名稱及其用途做簡易的說明>版權所有©<年份><作者姓名>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

此軟體程式系屬自由軟體:任何收受程式者可以在自由軟體基金會擬定的GNU公眾授權條款的規範下對其進行修改及再散布;散布程式者得選用GNU公眾授權條款3.0版或其後更新的版本來遵從。

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

此軟體程式提供的自由散布模式乃為了促進公眾分享、達致軟體最大利用可能性的目的,但請注意此軟體程式並不提供使用者任何擔保;包括任何隱喻的商業利用或其他特殊目的的使用可能性均不提供保障,進一步詳情請參閱GNU公眾授權條款本文。

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see .

隨著此軟體程式的散布,收受程式者可在其中找到革奴公眾授權條款全文的複本;如沒有、請透過網際網路http://www.gnu.org/licenses/此一連結進行閱讀。

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

並請程式編寫者慷慨提供其電子郵件或是一般信件地址,以方便程式相關的後續溝通連繫。

If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

如果程式在執行或安裝之初能夠讓使用者進行對話操作模式,那麼請程式編寫者在對話操作模式開始時,對使用者顯示以下的聲明:

Copyright (C) This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

<軟體程式名稱> 版權所有(C) <撰寫年份> <作者姓名> 本程式不負任何擔保責任,欲知詳情者請輸入'show w'這個指令,即可閱覽完整的免責聲明。此軟體程式係屬自由軟體,歡迎使用者在遵守GNU公眾授權條款(第幾版或其後版本)的前提下重製散布本程式;欲知詳情者請輸入'show c'這個指令,即可閱覽GNU公眾授權條款全文。

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".

前文以'show w'與'show c'、來代表顯示GNU公眾授權條款的免責聲明及授權條款全文的指令,但此僅為範例、程式的編寫者可以用其他各類顯明易懂的方式(例如圖形介面)取代這兩個指令,重點是提供簡便的徒徑,讓程式的使用者可以閱讀到這些重要的法律授權文字。

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see.

須特別注意的是、程式編寫者欲將其軟體程式以GNU公眾授權條款釋出時,可能需事前洽請其雇用單位(如果他是一位受雇的程式設計師)或學校同意,並簽署「軟體程式著作權放棄聲明」,更多相關訊息仍請參照以下連結http://www.gnu.org/licenses/。

The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read .

GNU公眾授權條款設有強烈的「授權攫取」機制,是以其並不容許任何人隨意的將其與不開放已身程式碼的私有軟體進行結合運用。如果著作權人所編寫的軟體程式具有函式庫的特性(意即本質上提供其他程式連結提取資料的特性),那麼此時程式須兼顧與一般私有軟體的連結利用關係,若著作權人仍是想以自由軟體授權條款的方式將程式碼公布予後手運用,自由軟體基金會在此建議可以選用GNU公眾授權條款另一寬鬆版本,「GNU函式庫/較寬鬆公眾授權條款(GNU Lesser General Public License, LGPL),為此函式庫軟體程式的授權條款,但當然、自由軟體基金會首推的授權條款仍以GNU公眾授權條款為主,因在其縝密的架構運行下,能最大程度保障「軟體自由」的理念,關於這些哲學理念的釋義,煩請有意願了解者參照以下連結http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why- not-lgpl.html。

註一:Copyleft此一觀念最早由GNU計畫的主持人Richard M. Stallman所提出,而被廣泛運用在GNU計畫所撰寫的相關公眾授權條款如GPL、LGPL與GFDL,其理念表表達可參照,Richard M. Stallman, What is Copyleft?: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html , 2007/10/8 visited.

註二:意指軟體的當代性質應轉為較接近「公共財(Public Domain)」的角色,任何人皆有研究、修改、改良及散布的自由,其類同語言文字為一般不特定人可得近用,而不至於淪為少數著作權利人所擁有,並被法律過度保護的私產,可參照,Rod Dixon, Open Source Software Law, Artech House Incorporation, 76-77(2004).

註三:此譯名由英國牛津大學網際網路研究所博士生廖漢騰提出,可參閱,廖漢騰,自由文化運動與台灣雙星:為創新與創造力重建公共領域,「資訊時代之公共領域與資訊取得」學術研討會論文集,頁5註8,2005年10月。其用意在於彰顯 Copyleft仍服膺在現行著作權(Copyright)體制之下,但卻居於輔佐輔弼之地位,以濟現行著作權法僵化之弊,其採中文字詞「輔佐」之意,有如一般用語的「左右手」來避免意識型的對立,也點出左邊或左派的英文原義。基本上著佐權乃針對著作權(Copyright)之「相左」而造字,一者向左一者向右,直接顯露出來的意涵就是要與現行著作權體制的傳統作法反其道而行,但論其根本仍是轄於現行的著行權法體制之下,故簡單的定義便是:「一種轄於現行著作權法體制之下,卻又不同於傳統的公眾分享方式。」關於Copyleft此觀念的中文譯名其實尚未統一,有譯者翻為「公共版權」、「反版權」、「版權無」、「版權向左」、「版責」等,此處選用「著佐權」一詞乃因其他譯名,易使人產生Copyleft與Copyright「對立」的誤解,其實著佐權仍是奠基於著作權體系之下,僅是彈性利用著作權法體制以促進創作自由。

註四:此處所指「後手」,亦指除軟體程式的原始著作權人外,後續收受此軟體程式的使用者,就此等意涵而言,「後手」一詞的完整指涉範圍包括「收受程式的後手」及「後手之後手及其後後手」,是為一向後不斷延伸推進的概念。

註五:一般使用者、合理使用。

註六:軟體專利將自由軟體私有化的過程。

註七:為何用「智慧財產權利」來翻copyright(著作權)的理由。

註八:合理使用、一般合理使用的範圍。

註九:「衍生作品」與我國著作權法下「衍生著作」的分野。

註十:CONVEY傳遞行為與提供利用的不同。

註十一:the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.

註十二:用Corresponding source取代原要求source code的原因(擴張→腳本)。

註十三:GPL3對於FAIR USE的明示肯認理由。

註十四:所謂的「輕度拘束」,就是不能將程式碼外流嘛。

註十五:「再授權(Sublicense)」行為、意指被授權人將其從原權利人處取得授權之權利,再次授權予第三人利用,亦也有人稱此為「次授權」,此時再授權法律關係中的當事人為次授權人與第三人,而再授權的內容必須在被授權人所取得的權利範圍內為之。是以再授權的簡單定義即是,被授權人將自己本身為原權利人允許的權利再行向下授權。須注意的是、再授權模式並非著作權法例中的常態,若非原權利人於授權條款中明示允許再授權,那麼在法律解釋上則推定為不允許被授權人進行再授權。部份的自由軟體授權條款(如MIT、MPL、CPL)明示被授權人(程式的使用者)得再授權,但GPL則為維繫預設授權態樣的完整性而不與之。

註十六:嗣後不得撤回的理由。

註十七:三年或是產品存續期間,為什麼做這個規定。

註十八:單獨散布原始碼僅能收取工本費用之理。

註十九:散布者與後手及其後手建立關係之依據條款、還有三年效期如何計算。

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